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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Nativism |
Knowledge is inborn |
Nature vs nurture |
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Empiricism |
Knowledge is gained through experience |
Nature vs nurture |
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Parents of psychology |
Philosophy and Physiology |
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APA CPA |
American psychology association Canadian psychology association |
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Structuralism |
Based on the notion that the task of psychology is to analyze consciousness into its basic elements and investigate how those elements are related |
Battle of the schools |
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Functionalism |
Based on the belief that psychology should investigate the function or purpose of the consciousness, rather than its structure |
Battle of the schools |
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Behaviorism |
Theoretical orientation based on the premise that scientific psychology should study only observable behavior |
Watson and Skinner |
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The Unconscious |
Contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of conscious awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on the behavior |
Freud |
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Psychoanalytic Theory |
Attempts to explain personality, motivation, and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behaviour |
Freud |
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John B. Watson Ivan Pavlov B. F. Skinner |
Principal Contributors of Behavioural psychology |
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Sigmund Freud Carl Jung Alfred Adler |
Principal Contributors of Psychoanalytic psychology |
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Carl Rogers Abraham Maslov |
Principal Contributors to Humanist Psychology |
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Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky Herbert Simon |
Principal Contributors to Cognitive Psychology |
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James Olds Roger Sperry David Hubel Torsten Wiesel |
Principal Contributors to Biological Psychology |
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David Buss Martin Daly Margo Wilson Leda Cosmides John Tooby |
Principal Contributors to Evolutionary Psychology |
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Humanism |
Theoretical orientation that emphasizes the unique qualities of humans, especially their freedom and their potential for personal growth |
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Applied Psychology |
The branch of psychology concerned with everyday, practical problems |
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Clinical Psychology |
The branch of psychology concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of psychological problems and disorders |
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Cognition |
Refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge |
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Evolutionary Psychology |
examiines behavoural processes in terms of their adaptive value for members of a species over the course of many generations |
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Positive Psychology |
uses theory and reesearch to better understand the positive, adaptive, creative, and fulfilling aspects of human existence |
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Psychology |
the science that studies behavior and the psychological and cognitive processes that underlie it, and it the profession that applies the accumulated knowledge of this to practical problems |
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Developmental Psychology |
Looks at human development across the life span. Childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age |
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Social Psychology |
Focuses on Interpersonal behaviour and the role of social forces in governing behaviour |
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Experimental Psychology |
Encompasses the traditional core of topics that psychology focosed on heavily in its first half-century as a science: sensation, perception, learning, conditioning, motivation, and emotion |
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Physiological Psychology |
Examines the influence of genetic factors on behaviour and the role of the brain, nervous system, endictrine system, and bodily chemicals in the regulation of behaviour |
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Cognitive Psychology |
Focuses on "higher" mental processes, such as memory, reasoning, information processing, language, problem solving, decision making, and creativity |
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Personality Psychology |
Interested in describing and understanding individual's consistency in behaviour, which represents their personality. |
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Psychometrics |
Concerned with the measurement of behaviour and capabilities, usully through the developoment of psychological tests. |
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Aristotle's theory of memory |
3 principles of association: similarity, contrast, and contiguity |
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Rene Descartes |
Belived in the dualism of mind and body |
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Wilhelm Wundt |
(1832-1920) The founder of Psychology as a modern science. Focused on the study of counciousness |
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William James |
Founded Functionalism |
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Edward Titchener |
Founded Structuralism |
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John B. Watson |
Founded Behaviouralism |
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Sigmund Freud |
Inventer of Psychoanalysis. Belived in the importance of the Unconsciousness |
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B. F. Skinner |
Radical Behaviourism. Behaviour is entirely determined by surroundings. Mental thought is present but unimportant. |
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Stanley Hall |
Founded the first psychology lab in North America First president of the APA |
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James Mark Baldwin |
Founded the first lab in the British Empire in Toronto |
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Donald Hebb |
Emphasizes the importance of the brain and physiological/neurophysiological perspective |
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Martin Seligman |
Began the Positive Psycology Movement |
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3 themes related to psychology as a field of study |
Psychology is Empirical Psychology is Theoretically Diverse Psychology Evolves in a Sociohistoric Context |
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Themes relating to psychology's subject matter |
Behaviour is determined by ultiple causes Behaviour is shaped by Cultural Heritage Heredity and environment jointly shape behaviour People's experience of the world is highly subjective |
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