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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the physical and mental strain a person experiences in association with demands to adapt to a challenging situation |
stress |
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stress that is positive and motivating |
eustress |
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a type of conflict involving a choice between two positive but mutually exclusive options |
approach-avoidance conflict |
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a person’s beliefs that he or she can bring about desired changes or goals through his or her own efforts |
self-efficacy expectation |
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the three-stage sequence of behavior in response to stress, consisting of an alarm reaction, a resistance stage, and an exhaustion stage |
general adaptation syndrome |
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a response to a stressor that temporarily reduces stress but may be harmful in the long run because it neither changes the situation nor removes the stressor |
defensive coping |
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The least stressful type of conflict is __________ conflict |
Approach-approach |
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Compared to Type B people, Type “A” people have a greater chance of suffering _______ ______ |
heart disease |
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People with self-efficacy expectations are less likely to experience panic and nervousness in a frightening situation because __________ reduces the level of _________ in the bloodstream |
self-confidence, adrenaline |
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In a study of business executives, those who were able to withstand stress the best -Were highly _______ to their _____ -Constantly sought out new _______ -Viewed themselves as being in ______ of their lives |
committed, jobs challenges control |
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Adrenaline and noradrenaline help the body cope with stress by causing the _______ to release _______ for energy |
liver, glucose |
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The immune system prevents disease by producing ______ _____ _____ |
White blood cells |
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Stress eventually exhausts people because it causes the body to produce ______ |
Steroids |
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The functioning of the immune system can be improved by: -Having many ______ -Reducing _____ -________ techniques |
friends stress relaxation |
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Psychologists have found that a key component to the successful treatment of cancer is a _____ to fight the illness |
desire |
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Psychologists can aid in the treatment of a person with heart disease by helping the patient -Quit _______ -Change ________ behaviors -Reduce ________ |
smoking Type A hypertension |
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Researchers found that people who experience many life changes within a year’s time developing _______ problems |
medical |
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Responding violently to a stressful situation is an example of ________ ________ |
defensive coping |
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a psychological state characterized by tension and apprehension, foreboding, and dread |
anxiety |
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an excessive, irrational fear out of proportion to the actual danger |
phobia |
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a recurring thought or image that seems to be beyond control |
obsession |
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a dissociative disorder characterized by persistent or recurrent feelings that one is unreal or is detached from one’s own experiences or body |
depersonalization |
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an apparent irresistible urge to repeat an act or engage in ritualistic behavior, such as hand washing |
compulsion |
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the expression of psychological distress through physical symptoms |
somatization |
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a disorder in which a person’s mood inappropriately alternates between extremes of elation and depression |
bipolar disorder |
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a mood characterized by extreme elation and hyperactivity |
mania |
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The most widely used classification scheme for psychological disorders is the ________ ___ _______ _______ ____ ______ _______ |
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders |
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Psychologists determine whether a person has a mental disorder based upon whether his or her behavior -is __________ -causes ______ _____ -is socially ________ or not |
maladaptive emotional discomfort acceptable |
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The short-term anxiety disorder that may occur almost immediately after a traumatic event is _____ _____ _____ |
acute stress disorder |
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Many people with panic disorder also have ________ |
agoraphobia |
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Dissociative amnesia is caused by a _______ ______ |
traumatic event |
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A person with dissociative identity disorder has two or more _________ |
personalities |
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Mood disorders fall into the general categories of ________ and _______ disorders |
depression and bipolar |
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A person in the manic phase may have _______ about superior ________ |
delusions, abilities |
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People with disorganized schizophrenia are likely to experience: -Loss of ______ control -Inappropriate _______ -Incoherent ______ and _____ patterns |
bladder emotions thought and speech |
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A person with catatonic schizophrenia is most affected on _______ ________ |
bodily movements |
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The personality disorder that causes people to be distrustful and suspicious of others is ________ _______ ________ |
paranoid personality disorder |
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A person is diagnosed with major depression when he or she: -Has symptoms of depression that last for at least _____ weeks -Has symptoms of depression that occur nearly _____ day -Experiences at least _____ of the ______ symptoms of depression |
two every five of the nine |
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People who are loners and cannot be attached to other people are likely to have _______ _______ ________ |
Schizoid personality disorder |
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Learning theorists suggest that personality disorders can be caused when children are not reinforced for ______ _______ |
good behavior |
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People with personality disorders suffer disruptions in their social life or work because of patterns of _______ ______ |
inflexible traits |
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the application of psychological principles and techniques to influence a person’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviors in an attempt to help that person overcome psychological disorders or adjust to problems in living |
psychotherapy |
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the apparent and remembered content of a dream |
manifest content |
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empathic listening in which the listener acknowledges, restates, and clarifies the speaker’s thoughts and concern |
active listening |
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a type of counter conditioning that links an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior in an attempt to eliminate the behavior |
aversive conditioning |
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in operant conditioning, a series of behaviors that gradually become more similar to a desired behavior |
successive approximation |
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a type of medication used to treat major depression by increasing the amount of one or both of the neurotransmitters noradrenaline and serotonin |
antidepressant drug |
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a radical treatment for psychological disorders that involves passing an electric current through the brain of an anesthetized person |
electroconvulsive therapy |
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Psychotherapy can help troubled individuals by: -Helping them to overcome _______ -The ______ ______ -Changing _____ and ________ |
isolation placebo effect outlooks and perceptions |
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Psychoanalysis may be most helpful for people experiencing _______ |
Anxiety |
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All states require professional therapists to be ________ |
licensed |
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Encounter groups have decreased in popularity because people may be _______ for the _______ they experience in these groups |
unprepared, emotions |
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Self-awareness and insight help patients undergoing psychoanalysis reduce their guilt and anxiety by revealing ________ thoughts and feelings at the root of ________ |
unconscious, problems |
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Brief psychoanalysis differs from traditional psychoanalysis in: -Targeting a specific _______ rather than the entire _______ -The duration of ________ -Its _______ to a wide range of people |
problem, personality treatment availability |
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The primary goal of humanistic therapy is to help individuals reach their ______ _______ |
full potential |
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Person-centered therapy is practiced widely by _____ and _______ counselors |
school and college |
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Unlike psychoanalysis, the key goal of cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy is to eliminate troubling _______ and _______ |
emotions and behaviors |
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Behavior therapy can be divided into the categories of ________ and _______ ________ |
counterconditioning and operant conditioning |
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Operant conditioning helps a person learn ________ ________ |
desirable behaviors |
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Person-centered therapy seems to work best for treating ________ ________ problems |
social relationship |
