Psychology Chapters 1 And 2 Exam

Front 1

Correlation and Causeation

Back 1

he relationship between two variables. It allows you to predict the future

Just bc 2 var. corr. does not mean that one var. causes changes in the other.

Front 2

Negitive & Positive Correlations

Back 2

Neg. Oppisit effects, Pos-similar effects

Front 3

Independent Variables

Back 3

manipulated of changed (the assumed cause)

Front 4

Dependednt Variable

Back 4

Allowed to vary freeely. It is ovserved and measured (the assumed effect)

Front 5

How to conduct a good experiment

Back 5

Rule 1: Use control Groups(allows us to make comparisons)
Rule 2: Random assignment(prevent bias)
Rule 3: Expectency Effect(single-blind, double-blind)
Rule 4: Statistics(Descriptive/Inferential)
Rule 4:

Front 6

Rule 3
Single-Blind
Double-Blind

Back 6

Single-Blind: experiment, subject does not know what happened can't assume effects.

Double-Blind: Subject and Experimenter don't know details. Experimenter can't subtly influence results.

Front 7

Rule 4
Descripitive Statistics
Inferential Statistics

Back 7

Des.: One used to sumerize the data you have obtained

Inf.: Used to make generalizations beyond the observed data

Front 8

Satistical Significance

Back 8

In any research results may be due to chance.

Front 9

Psychological Tests

Back 9

Tests are widely used to measure Characteristics of human behavior

Front 10

Standardization

Back 10

The making of a solution of definite strength so that it may be used for comparison and in tests.

Front 11

Reliablity

Back 11

The quality of the test doesn't change

Front 12

Validity

Back 12

Measurement of the relationship of the test question to the acutal subject behavior

Front 13

Criterian Validity

Back 13

Tested by correlations btw the test behavior

Front 14

Id

Back 14

the part of the psyche, residing in the unconscious, that is the source of instinctive impulses that seek satisfaction in accordance with the pleasure principle and are modified by the ego and the superego before they are given overt expression.

Front 15

Superego

Back 15

(establised at 4/5yrs of age)the part of the personality representing the conscience, formed in early life by internalization of the standards of parents and other models of behavior.

Front 16

Ego

Back 16

the part of the psychic apparatus that experiences and reacts to the outside world and thus mediates between the primitive drives of the id and the demands of the social and physical environment.

Front 17

Repression

Back 17

The unconscious exclusion of painful impulses, desires, or fears from the conscious mind.

Front 18

Denial

Back 18

An unconscious defense mechanism characterized by refusal to acknowledge painful realities, thoughts, or feelings.

Front 19

Regression

Back 19

Reversion to an earlier or less mature pattern of feeling or behavior.

Front 20

Projection

Back 20

the tendency to ascribe to another person feelings, thoughts, or attitudes present in oneself, or to regard external reality as embodying such feelings, thoughts, etc., in some way.

Front 21

Reaction Formation

Back 21

A defense mechanism by which an objectionable impulse is expressed in an opposite or contrasting attitude or behavior.

Front 22

Displacement

Back 22

A psychological defense mechanism in which there is an unconscious shift of emotions, affect, or desires from the original object to a more acceptable or immediate substitute.

Front 23

Stage 1: Oral: 0-1yrs

Back 23

mouth is focus of sensation

Front 24

Stage 2: Anal : 2-3yrs

Back 24

concern w/control of boily wastes

Front 25

Stage 3: Phallic(Oedipal) 3-5yrs

Back 25

Development of the oedipal complex first onset of sexuality, sexual feelings are focused on parents

Front 26

Stage 4: Latency 6yrs-puberty

Back 26

In psychoanalytic theory, the stage in psychosexual development, extending from about age 5 to age 12, when overt sexual interest is repressed or subliminated and an individual focuses on skills and activities with members of his or her own sex.

Front 27

Stage 5: Genital-Puberty and beyond

Back 27

the final stage of psychosexual development, in which a person achieves an affectionate, mature relationship with a sexual partner. (anal and oral fixation)