Psychology Chapter One Key Terms

Front 1

the scientific study of behavior and metal processes

Back 1

Psychology

Front 2

observable and measurable actions of people and animals

Back 2

Behavior

Front 3

private, unobservable mental processes such as sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving

Back 3

Cognitive activities

Front 4

theoretical entities, or concepts, that enable one to discuss something that cannot be seen, touched, or measured directly

Back 4

Psychological Constructs

Front 5

a set of assumptions about why something is the way it is and happens the way it does

Back 5

theory

Front 6

a rule or law

Back 6

principle

Front 7

research that is conducted for its own sake, that is, without seeking a solution to a specific problem

Back 7

basic research

Front 8

an examination of one’s own thoughts and feelings

Back 8

introspection

Front 9

a learned connection between two ideas or evens
· Structuralism – the school of psychology, founded by Wihelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings

Back 9

Associationism

Front 10

the school of psychology, founded by Wihelm Wundt, that maintains that conscious experience breaks down into objective sensations and subjective feelings

Back 10

structuralism

Front 11

the school of psychology, founded by William James, that emphasizes the purposes of behavior and metal processes

Back 11

functionaism

Front 12

the school of psychology, founded by John Watson, that defines psychology as the scientific study of observable behavior

Back 12

behaviorism

Front 13

the school of psychology that emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions into meaningful wholes

Back 13

Gestalt psychology

Front 14

the school of psychology, founded by Sigmund Freud, that emphasizes the importance of unconscious motives and conflicts as determinants of human behavior

Back 14

psychoanalysis

Front 15

the theory that most of what fills and individual’s mind is unconscious and consists of conflicting impulses, urges, and wishes

Back 15

psychodynamic thinking

Front 16

the psychological perspective that emphasizes the influence of biology on behavior

Back 16

biolocial perspective

Front 17

the theory focusing on the evolution of behavior and mental processes

Back 17

evolutionary perspective

Front 18

the viewpoint that emphasizes the role of thought processes in determining behavior

Back 18

Cognitive perspective

Front 19

the psychological view that assumes the existence of the self and emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and the freedom to make choices

Back 19

humanistic perspective

Front 20

the perspective that stresses the influence of unconscious forces on human behavior

Back 20

psychoanalytic perspective

Front 21

the psychological point of view that emphasizes the effects of experience on behavior

Back 21

learning perspective

Front 22

the theory that suggests that people have the ability to change their environments or to create new ones

Back 22

social-learning theory

Front 23

in psychology, the perspective that focuses on the roles of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in personality formation, behavior, and mental processes

Back 23

sociocultural perspective

Front 24

a group united by cultural heritage, race, language, or common history

Back 24

ethnic group