Psychology Chapter 7

Front 1

This psychological perspective says that we should only focus on observable behavior

Back 1

Behaviorism

Front 2

A decreased response to a repeated stimulus

Back 2

Habituation

Front 3

Gradual decline in sensitivity to a stimulus over prolonged stimulation

Back 3

Sensory Adaptation

Front 4

Association between two stimuli, such that one comes to produce a response that was initially produced only by the other stimulus

Back 4

Classical Conditioning

Front 5

During the natural response phase of classical conditioning, the meat represents what ? Salivation represents what ?

Back 5

Meat = Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Salivation = Unconditioned Response (UCR)

Front 6

During the no natural response phase of classical conditioning, the bell represents what ?

Back 6

Neutral stimulus

Front 7

After the neutral stimulus has been paired repeatedly with the UCS, the bell now represents what ? The dog salivating represents what ?

Back 7

Bell = Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Salivation = Conditioned Response (CR)

Front 8

Which psychologist is associated with classical conditioning ?

Back 8

Ivan Pavlov

Front 9

In classical conditioning, what is the term used when the response of the dog will gradually weaken and eventually stop if the conditioned stimulus is presented without the unconditioned stimulus ?

Back 9

Extinction

Front 10

This type of classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus comes on a few seconds before the unconditioned stimulus, and continues throughout the duration of the unconditioned stimulus

Back 10

Forward delaying conditioning

Front 11

This type of classical conditioning occurs when the conditional stimulus comes on and turns off before the unconditioned stimulus starts

Back 11

Forward tracing conditioning

Front 12

This type of classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus comes on and turns off at the exact same time as the unconditioned stimulus

Back 12

Simultaneous conditioning

Front 13

This type of classical conditioning occurs when the conditioned stimulus comes on after the unconditioned stimulus

Back 13

Backward conditioning

Front 14

Which type of classical conditioning pairing is most effective ?

Back 14

Forward delay pairing

Front 15

The term used for gradual learning or strengthening of a condition response

Back 15

Acquisition

Front 16

The idea that even after extinction, the conditioned response can still suddenly appear without new training

Back 16

Spontaneous recovery

Front 17

The idea that a tone similar to the original conditioned stimulus will still produce the conditioned response

Back 17

Generalization

Front 18

The idea that if a tone is not very similar to the original conditioned stimulus that it will not produce the conditioned response

Back 18

Discrimination

Front 19

This type of exposure based therapy pairs aversive (negative) stimulus with an undesired behavior. (Alcoholism and illness example)

Back 19

Conditioned Aversion

Front 20

Recurring, unconventional sexual behavior that is obsessive & compulsive

Back 20

Paraphilia

Front 21

In the case of the rubber pants patient case study, what is the CR and what is the CS ?

Back 21

CS - Rubber latex pants

CR - Sexual arousal

Front 22

The case study of "Little Albert" has to do with what type of conditioning ?

Back 22

Fear conditioning

Front 23

In the Little Albert case study, prior to learning, what was the UCS and what was the UCR ?

Back 23

UCS - Loud noise

UCR - Fear

Front 24

In the Little Albert case study, during the learning stage, what was the UCS, what was the UCR and what was the CS ?

Back 24

UCS - Loud noise

CS - Rat

UCR - Fear

Front 25

In the Little Albert case study, after the learning stage, what was the CS and CR ?

Back 25

CS - Rat/White Fluff

CR - Fear

Front 26

This type of exposure based treatment reduces anxiety through counter-conditioning gradually. (Spider example)

Back 26

Systematic desensitization

Front 27

This type of exposure based treatment involves reducing through extinction. Complete exposure to a feared stimulus eventually leading to habituation.

Back 27

Flooding

Front 28

What are the ABC's of operant conditioning? (B.F Skinner)

Back 28

A = Antecedents (stimuli that are present before a behavior occurs)

B = Behaviors (that the organism emits)

C = consequences (that follow the behavior)

Front 29

This law (linked to Thorndike) states that if behavior is followed by a positive consequence it will increase and that if behavior is followed by a negative consequence it will decrease

Back 29

Law of effect

Front 30

Which psychologist famously put cats in "puzzle boxes" ?

Back 30

Edward Thorndike

Front 31

The cat in a "puzzle box" experiment is an example of what kind of learning ?

Back 31

Instrumental learning

Front 32

This psychologist expanded on the work of Edward Thorndike and coined the term " operant conditioning "

Back 32

B.F Skinner

Front 33

Learning by associating behavior with its consequences

Back 33

Operant Conditioning

Front 34

This type of reinforcer has innate biological importance

Back 34

Primary Reinforcer

Front 35

Positive stimulus is presented to increase behavior

Back 35

Positive reinforcement

Front 36

Negative stimulus is removed to increase behavior

Back 36

Negative Reinforcement

Front 37

Aversive stimulus is presented to decrease behavior

Back 37

Positive punishment

Front 38

Positive stimulus is removed to decrease behavior

Back 38

Negative punishment

Front 39

In The Big Bang Theory video, what type of reinforcement does Sheldon use on Peggy

Back 39

Positive Reinforcement

Front 40

Learning a response to terminate an aversive stimulus

Back 40

Escape conditioning

Front 41

Learning a response to prevent the averse stimulus from ever happening (Ex. put sweater on before going outside)

Back 41

Avoidance conditioning

Front 42

Reinforce successive approximations of the desired behavior

Back 42

Shaping

Front 43

Develop a sequence of responses by successively reinforcing the next behavior in line

Back 43

Chaining

Front 44

Decline in behavior due to lack of reinforcement, no more consequence leads to forgetting association

Back 44

Operant Extinction

Front 45

Is Bart writing on the board reinforcement or punishment ?

Back 45

Punishment

Front 46

Behavioral response is not rewarded every time, only some responses are reinforced

Back 46

Partial reinforcement

Front 47

Reinforced after a fixed number of responses.

Example: You will get a cookie if you successfully solve 3 math problems

Back 47

Fixed ratio

Front 48

Reinforced after a variable number of responses

Example: You may win a large amount playing video poker

Back 48

Variable Ratio

Front 49

Reinforced after a given amount of time has elapsed

Example: You study for the tests that your professor gives you; the tests occur once per month

Back 49

Fixed interval

Front 50

Reinforced after a variable interval of time has elapsed

Example: Studying for the periodically "pop" quizzes that your professor gives you without warning

Back 50

Variable interval

Front 51

Which type of partial reinforcement is the most successful ?

Back 51

Variable ratio and variable interval

Front 52

The case study of children watching adults play with a Bobo doll is an example of what type of learning

Back 52

Observational learning

Front 53

This psychologist is a pioneer in observational learning research and developed social learning theory

Back 53

Albert Bandura