Psychology - Chapter 5

Front 1

learning

Back 1

the modification of preexisting behavior and understanding

Front 2

classical conditioning

Back 2

a procedure in which a neutral stimulis is paired with a stimulis that elicts a reflexive response until the neutral stimulus alone comes to elict a similar response

Front 3

unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 3

a stimulus that elicts a response without conditioning

Front 4

unconditioned response

Back 4

the automatic, unlearned reflexive reaction to a stimulus

Front 5

Conditioned stimulus (Cs)

Back 5

an originally neutral stimulus that now elictsa conditioned response

Front 6

Condtioned Response (CR)

Back 6

the response elicted by the conditioned stimulus

Front 7

Extinction

Back 7

the gradual disappearnce of a conmdtional response

Front 8

Reconditioning

Back 8

the relearning of a conditioned response following an extinction

Front 9

Spontaneous Recovery

Back 9

the temporary reapperance of a conditioned response after extinction

Front 10

Stimulus Generalization

Back 10

a process in which a conditioned response is elicted by stimuli similar to the original conditioned stimulus

Front 11

Stimulus Discrimination

Back 11

A process through which people learn to differentiate among similar stimuli and respond appropriatly to each one

Front 12

Second order Conditioning

Back 12

a process in which a conditioned stimulus acts like an unconditioned stimulus creating conditioned stimuli out of events associated with it

Front 13

Habituation

Back 13

reduced responsiveness to a repeated stimulus

Front 14

Law of effect

Back 14

a law stating that if response made in the prescense of a particular stimulus is rewarded the same response is more likely to occur when that stimulus is encountered again

Front 15

Operant Conditioning

Back 15

a process in which responses are learned on the basis of their rewarding or punishing concequences

Front 16

Operant

Back 16

a response that has some effet on the world

Front 17

reinforcer

Back 17

a stimulus event that increases the probability that the response immediatly preceding it will occur again

Front 18

Positive Reinforcers

Back 18

stimuli that strengthen a respose if they follow that response

Front 19

negative Reinforcers

Back 19

the removal of unpleasent stimuli such as pain that strengthens responses that precede the removal

Front 20

Escape Conditioning

Back 20

the process of learning responses that terminate an aversive stimulus

Front 21

Shaping

Back 21

the reienforcement of responses that come successivly closer to some desired response

Front 22

Primary rienforcers

Back 22

events or stimuli that satisfy physiological needs basic to survival

Front 23

Secondary Rienforcers

Back 23

rewards that people or animals learn to like

Front 24

Partial Reinforcement extinction Effect

Back 24

a phenomenon in which behaviors learned under partial reienforcement schedule are more difficult to extingish than those learned on a continous rienforcemenrt schedule

Front 25

Punishment

Back 25

the presentation of an aversive stimulus or the removal of a pleasent one following some behavior

Front 26

Learned helplessness

Back 26

a process in which a person or animal stops trying to eexert control after experience suggests that no control is possible

Front 27

Latent learning

Back 27

learning that is not demostarted at the time it occurs

Front 28

cognitive map

Back 28

a mental representation of the enviroment

Front 29

Insight

Back 29

an understamding about what is required to porduce a desired effect

Front 30

Observational learning

Back 30

learning by watching the behavior of others

Front 31

Vicarious Conditioning

Back 31

a Kind of observational learning though which a person is influenced by watching or hearing about the consequences of others behavior