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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NATIVISTS
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EMPHASIZED GENES AND INBORN CHARECTERISTICS, OR NATURE
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EMPIRICISTS
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FOCUSED ON LEARNING AND EXPERIENCE, OR NURTURE
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EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY
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A FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY EMPHASIZING EVOLUTIONARY MECHANISMS THAT MAY HELP EXPLAIN HUMAN COMMONALITIES IN COGNITION, DEVELOPMENT, EMOTION, SOCIAL PRACTICES, AND OTHER AREA OF BEHAVIOR
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BEHAVIORAL GENETICS
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AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF STUDY CONCERNED WITH THE GENETIC BASES OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BEHAVIOR AND PERSONALITY
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GENES
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THE FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF HEREDITY: THEY ARE COMPOSED OF DNA AND SPECIFY THE STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
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CHROMOSOMES
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WITHIN EVERY CELL, ROD-SHAPED STRUCTURES THAT CARRY GENES
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DNA (DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID)
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THE CHROMOSOMAL MOLECULETHAT TRANSFERS GENETIC CHARACTERISTICS BY WAY OF CODED INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
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GENOME
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THE FULL SET OF GENES IN EACH CELL OF AN ORGANISM (WITH THE EXCEPTION OF SPERM AND EGG CELLS)
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LINKAGE STUDIES
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STUDIES THAT LOOK FOR PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE OF GENETIC MARKERS IN LARGE FAMILIES IN WHICH A PARTICULAR CONDITION IS COMMON
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GENETIC MARKERS
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A SEGMENT OF DNA THAT VARIES AMONG INDIVIDUALS, HAS A KNOWN LOCATION ON A CHROMOSOME, AND CAN FUNCTION AS A GENETIC LANDMARK FOR A GENE INVOLVED IN A PHYSICAL OR MENTAL CONDITION
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EVOLUTION
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A CHANGE IN GENE FREQUENCIES WITHIN A POPULATION OVER MANY GENERATIONS: A MECHANISM BY WHICH GENETICALLY INFLUENCED CHARACTERISTICS OF A POPULATION MAY CHANGE
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MUTATE
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DURING THE DIVISION OF THE CELLS THAT PRODUCE SPERM AND EGGS, IF AN ERROR OCCURS IN THE COPYING OF THE ORIGINAL DNA SEQUENCE, GENES CAN SPONTANEOUSLY CHANGE
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NATURAL SELECTION
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THE EVOLUTIONARY PROCESS IN WHICH INDIVIDUALS WITH GENETICALLY INFLUENCED TRAITS THAT ARE ADAPTIVE IN A PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENT TEND TO SURVIVE AND TO REPRODUCE IN GREATER NUMBERS, THAN DO OTHER INDIVIDUALS: AS A RESULT, THEIR TRAITS BECOME MORE COMMON IN THE POPULATION
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CHARLES DARWIN
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BRITISH NATURALIST
REALIZED THAT A SPECIES' CHARACTERISTICS MUST SOMEHOW BE TRANSMITTED BIOLOGICALLY FROM ONE GENERATION TO THE NEXT |
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MENTAL MODULES
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DEVELOPED AS A COLLECTION OF SPECIALIZED AND INDEPENDENT "MODULES" TO HANDLE SPECIFIC SURVIVAL PROBLEMS, SUCH AS THE NEED TO FIND FOOD OR FIND A MATE
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LANGUAGE
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A SYSTEM THAT COMBINES MEANINGLESS ELEMENTS SUCH AS SOUNDS OR GESTURES TO FORM STRUCTURED UTTERANCES THAT CONVEY MEANING
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SURFACE STRUCTURE
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THE WAY THE SENTENCE IS ACTUALLY SPOKEN OR SIGNED
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DEEP STRUCTURE
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HOW THE SENTENCE IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD
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SYNTAX
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RULES OF GRAMMAR
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE
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ACCORDING TO MANY PSYCHOLINGUISTS, AN INNATE MENTAL MODULE THAT ALLOQS YOUNG CHILDREN TO SEVELOP LANGUAGE IF THEY ARE EXPOSED TO AN ADEQUATE SAMPLING OF CONVERSATION
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UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
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BRAINS ARE SENSITIVE TO THE CORE FEATURES COMMOM TO ALL LANGUAGES
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PSYCHOLINGUISTS
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RESEARCHERS WHO STUDY THE PSYCHOLOGY OF LANGUAGE
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OVERREGULARIZATIONS
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REDUCE A PARENT'S SENTENCE TO THEIR OWN TWO WORDS AND MAKE MANY CHARMING ERRORS THAT AN ADULT WOULD NOT
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COMPUTER NEUTRAL NETWORKS
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MATHEMATICA MODELS OF THE BRAIN THAT :LEARN" BY ADJUSTING THE CONNECTIONS AMONG HYPOTHETICAL NEURONS IN RESPNSE TO INCOMING DATA
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CRITICAL PERIOD
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CHILDREN MAY LEARN WORDS AND BE ABLE TO USE SIMPLE SENTENCES, BUT THEY RARELY SPEAK NORMALLY OR CATCH UP GRAMMATICALLY
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SOCIOBIOLOGY
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AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD THAT EMPHASIZES EVOLUTIONARY EXPLANATIONS OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IN ANIMALS, INCLUDING HUMAN BEINGS
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SOCIAL DARWINISM
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NOTION THAT THE WEALTHY AND SUCCESSFUL ARE MORE "REPRODUCTIVELY FIT" THAN OTHER PEOPLE
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HERITABILITY
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GIVES AN ESTIMATE OF THE PROPORTION OF THE TOTAL VARIANCE IN A TRAIT THAT IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO GENETIC VARIATION WITHIN A GROUP
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IDENTICAL TWINS
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MONOZYGOTIC
DEVELOP WHEN A FERTILIZED EGG DIVIDES INTO TWO PARTS THAT THEN DEVELOP AS TWO SEPERATE EMBRYOS |
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FRATERNAL TWINS
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DIZYGOTIC
DEVELOP WHEN A WOMAN'S OVARIES RELEASE TWO EGGS INSTEAD OF ONE AND EACH EGG IS FERTILIZED BY A DIFFERENT SPERM |
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INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ)
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USUAL MEASURE OF INTELLECTUAL FUNCTIONIND, OR SCORE
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EUGENICS
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AIMED TO "IMPROVE" THE SPECIES THROUGH FORCED STERILIZATION OF LOW-IQ PEOPLE
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