Psychology Chapter 18

Front 1

Fundamental attribution error

Back 1

overestimating the influence of personality and underestimating the influence of situations

Front 2

Attitudes

Back 2

feelings based on our beliefs that predispose our reactions to objects, people, and events

Front 3

foot-in-the-door phenomenon

Back 3

tendency for people agreed to a small action comply later with a larger one.
ex) Chinese began with harmless request but gradually escalated their demand on the prisoners

Front 4

Cognitive dissonance theory

Back 4

If we chose to do it, I must believe it
ex) changing attitudes into line with our actions.

Front 5

Conformity

Back 5

adjusting our behavior or thinking toward some group standard.

Front 6

Stanley Milgram experiment

Back 6

Where people were shocked with high voltage. Found out disobedient was the minority

Front 7

Social Facilitation

Back 7

Norman Triplett(1898) Stronger performance when others are present.
ex) bikers do better when racing others than racing the clock

Front 8

Social Loafing

Back 8

Alan Ingham(1974) tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward a common goal.

Front 9

Deindividuation

Back 9

less self-conscious and less restrained when in a group situation.
ex) tribal warriors who had face paints more likely to kill than those not have face paint

Front 10

group polarization

Back 10

enhancement of a group's prevailing tendencies
ex) occurs when people within a group discuss an idea most of them either favor or oppose

Front 11

Scapegoat Theory

Back 11

theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame

Front 12

ingroup

Back 12

"us" people with whom one shares a common identity

Front 13

outgroup

Back 13

"Them" those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup

Front 14

ingroup bias

Back 14

the tendency to favor one's own group

Front 15

Just-world phenomenon

Back 15

people get what they deserve and deserve what they get.

Front 16

aggression

Back 16

any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

Front 17

Frustration-Aggression Principle

Back 17

principle that frustration creates anger which can generate aggression

Front 18

mere exposure effect

Back 18

psychological phenomenon by which people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

Front 19

bystander effect

Back 19

more people around, the less likely someone is going to take action

Front 20

Social Identity Theory

Back 20

intergroup discrimination
4 groups
-Categorization
-Identification
-Comparison
-Psychological Distinctiveness

Front 21

Door in the Face

Back 21

Extreme request then slowly go down the extreme level. Guilt

Front 22

Bobo Doll experiment

Back 22

Bandura found that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways than those who were not exposed to the aggressive model.

Front 23

social impact theory

Back 23

predicts that as strength and immediacy increase within a group, conformity will also increase

Front 24

downward social comparison

Back 24

Downward social comparison is a defensive tendency to evaluate oneself with a comparison group whose troubles are more serious than one's own

Front 25

psychodynamic

Back 25

mphasizes the role of the unconscious mind, early childhood experiences

Front 26

Cognitive

Back 26

Area of psychology focuses on mental processes such as memory, thinking, problem solving, language and decision-making

Front 27

Cross-Cultural

Back 27

culture influences our thinking and behavior.

Front 28

Behavioral

Back 28

how behaviors are learned and reinforced.