Psychology Chapter 16 - Methods Of Therapy

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What is psychotherapy

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a systematic interaction between a therapist and a client that applies psychological principles to affect the clients thoughts feelings and or behavior to help client overcome psychological disorders

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Asylum

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originated in european monasteries
- an insititurion for the care of the mentally ill
-inmates were chained and beaten
Warehousing

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Phillip Pinel

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unchained patients at la salpetriere asylum

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Mental Hospiatals

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Treatment

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Psychodynamic therapies

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are based on the thinking of Sigmund Frued- founder of psychodynamic theory
- This therapy assumes that psychological disorders reflect early childhood experiences and internal conflicts.
-involves the shifting of psychic energy among the three psychic structures the id, ego , and superego

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what are the three psychic structures

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the id, ego, and superego

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Catharsis

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the spilling of feelings and urges that had been repressed through the belief that you spill your psychic energy that had been repressed .
Providing relief by alleviating some of the forces assulting the ego.

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Where id wasm there shall ego be

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Frueds common saying

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Free assosciation

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the uncensored uttering of all thoughts that come to mind.

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client centered therapy

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Carl Rogers method
-provide insight into the parts of us that we have disowned so that we can feel whole
-non directive
-client takes lead by stating and exxploring problem

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what are some qualities of client centered therapy

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-unconditinal postitve regard
-empathetic understanding
-genuineness

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Gestalt Therapy

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Fritz Perls method
-create social mask
-direct
-focuses on here and now

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Gestalt excersises

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dialogue- verbal confrontation between opposing wishes
Playing the projection- role play with whom they are in conflict with
I take responsibility- clients end statement about themselves by adding and i take responsibility for it

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Royal road

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how Frued viewed dreams as a road to unconciousness

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perls and dreams

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perlz saw the content of dreams as the disowned parts of the personality

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what is Behavioral Therapy?

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focuses on what people do
-applies principles of learning to directly promote desired behavioral changes.
-conditioning and obsevational learning
-direct; tell clients what to do

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What are some behavior therapy methods for reducing fears?

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flooding
systematic desensitization
modeling

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flooding - fear reduction

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when the client is exposed to the fear evoking stimuli until the fear response is extinguished

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Systematic desensitization - fear reduction

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A gradual process for reducing phobic responses
-joseph wolpe
- being counter conditioned to anxiety
- pictures

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Wish fulfillment

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accting out of ideas and impulses that are reprssed when one is concious

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phallic symbol

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a sign that represents a penis

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latent content

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psychodynamic theory
the symbolized o underlying content of dreams

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manifest content

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the preported content of dream

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ego analyst

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a psychodynamically oriented therapist that focuses on the conscious, coping behavior of the ego instead of the hypothesized, unconscious funtctioning of the id.

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fear reduction models

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flooding
systematic desensitization
modeling

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aversive conditioning

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knock bad habits
-alcohol/nausea
- overexposure leads to discontinue

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operant conditioning procedures

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the token economy
succesive approximiations
social skills training
biofeedback training

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behavior therapy

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fear reduction
aversive
operant conditioning
self control

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token economy

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tokens used in psychiatirc wards and hospitals
tokens used to purchase tc time or private room
- enhances cooperations

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successive approximations

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used to help clients build good habits

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social skills training

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behavior therapists decrease social anxiety and build social skills through operant conditioning procedures that employs self monitoring, coaching, modeling, role playing, behavior rehearsal, and feeback
-rehearse how to ask something politely
-groups
-roleplay

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biofeedback training

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therapist helps clients become more aware of and gain control over bodily funtions
-attach hear rate monitors
-electromyograph monitors muscle tension
-releive stree and headaches
-regulates functions beyond "conscoius" control

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Self control method

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begin with functional analysis of the problem
-use diary to expain thoughts and feelings and reactions of yourself and others .
-keeping a record of where and when you engage in bad habits can help you end them and may occasionally be all that you need to end them

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functional analysis

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systmeatic study where one identifies what causes a problem

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Cognitive therapies

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aaron becks cognitive therapy : corrective cognitive errors
albert elliss rational emotive behavior therapy
cognitive behavior therapy

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What is cognitive therapy

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form of therapy that focuses on how clients expectations, attitudes beliefs lead to distress and may be modified to relieve disttress and promote adaptive behavior

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Becks cognitive therapy

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SELF DEFEATING BELIEFS
ex:depression
clients
-select
-overgeneralize
-magnify
and - absolute think

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Ellis's REBT

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IRRATIONAL BELIEFS
-active and directive
-less missory and less blaming and more action
-form questions to irrational beliefs
-replace irrational beliefs with rational alternatives
-behavioral changes to cement cognitive changes

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cognitive techniques

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changing maladaptive thoughts

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behabioral techniques

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exposure to fearful situations

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Cognitive-behavioral therapy

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-fear hiearchy
-share feelings about fearful thoughts
-anxiety disorder, depression, systmeatically reinforce appropriate eating behavior

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Group Therapies

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couple therapy
family therapy
self help and support groups

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Couple therapy

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helps communication and how to deal with conflict
-cognitive behavioral

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systematic approach

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-family therapy approach where family interaction is studied and modified to enhance the growth ofi ndiviual family members and of the family unit

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Meta analysis

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method for combining and averaging the results of individual research

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evidence based practice

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random controlled experiments
controlled experiments

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Biological(medical) therapies

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Drug therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Psychosurgery

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Drug Therapy

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Antianxiety
Antipsychotic
Antidepressants
Lithium

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Antianxiety Drugs(minor tranquilizors)

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chemical class of benzodiazepines
-valium, libruim, serax, and xanax
-patients who complain about genrealized anxiety or panic attacks or sleeping pills
-depress the activity of the central nerrvous system, decreasing sympathetic activitym reducing heart rate, respiration rate, and feelings of nervousness and tension.
-tolerance occurs quickly must up dosage
- can have withdrawl symptoms

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chlordiazepoxide

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lithium

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oxazepam

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serax

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alprazolam

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xanax

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sedation

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tired or drowsy
- common side effect of antianxiety drug

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rebound anxiety

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antxiety that can occur when one discontinues use of a tranquilizer

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Antipsychotic Drugs (major tranquilizors)

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-given to people with schizophrenia
-reduce agitation, allucination, and dilusions.
-Blocks dopamine receptors in the brain.

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Antidepressants

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-used for major depression, eating disordersm panic disorders, OCD, and social phobia
-work by increasing levels of noradreanline and / or seratonin
-nausea, agitiation, and weight gain

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Monamine Oxidase-antidepressant

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inhibitors block the activity of an enzyme that breaks down noradreanline and seratonin

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selective seratonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRISs)

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antidepressant drugs that work by blockin the reuptake of seratonin by presynaptic neurons
-prozac, effexor

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Lithium

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-flattens manic behavior and depression
-hand tremors, memory impairment, and exessive thirst and urination

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Electrocompulsive Therapy

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Electrodes are placed on each side of the patients head and a current is passed between them, inducing a seizure.
-used in major depression when drugs and psychotherapy are not sufficient
-Cerletti
-given sedative

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Sedative

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drug that releives nervousness or puts one to sleep

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Psychosurgery

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Surgery intended to promote psychological changes or relieve disordered behavior
Prefrontal Lobotomy

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Prefrontal Lobotomy

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-antonio moniz
pick severs two hemispheres of the brain

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Psychodynamic Therapy Goal

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to strenthen the go and provide self insight into unconsious conflict

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Psychodynamic Therapy

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Frued

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Humanistic Therpay Goals

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help clients get in touch with parts of themselves that they have disowned and acutalize their unique disires and abilities.

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Humanistic methods

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client centered-
non directive unconditional positive regard
Gestalt-
highly directive

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Client centered therapy

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Carl Rogers-client centered
Friz Perls - gestalt

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Behavior Therapy goals

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help clients engage in adaptive behavior and discontinue maladaptive behavior

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Behavior method

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fear reduction(systematic desnsistaztion)
self analysis(functional analysis)
operant conditiong (social skills )

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Behavior method

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Joseph Wolpe -systematic desensitization
Albert Bandura- integrated behavioral and cognitive factors in forming his theraputic methods, such as modeling

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Cognitive therapies goals

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to make client aware of beliefs, attitudes, and thinking that creates their problems.
to turn irrational to rational

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Cognitive therapies

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Aaron Beck-cognitive therapy (self defeating)
Ellis-RET (irrational)