Psychology Chapter 15 Alternative

Front 1

a persistent disturbance or dysfunction in behaviour. thoughts, or emotions that causes significant distress or impairment

Back 1

Mental Disorder

Front 2

abnormal psychological experiences are conceptualized as illnesses that, like physical illnesses, have biological and environmental causes, defined symptoms, and possible cures

Back 2

Medical Model

Front 3

a classification system that describes the features used to diagnose each recognized mental disorder and indicates how the disorder can be distinguished from other, similar problems

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Diagnostic And Statistical Manual Of Mental Disorders (DSM-5)

Front 4

the co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

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Comorbidity

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suggests that a person may be predisposed for a psychological disorder that remains unexpressed until triggered by stress

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Diathesis-Stress Model

Front 6

a new initiative that aims to guide the classification and understanding of mental disorders by revealing the basic processes that give rise to them

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Research Domain Criteria Project (RDoC)

Front 7

the class of mental disorder in which anxiety is the predominant feature

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Anxiety Disorder

Front 8

a disorder characterized by chronic excessive worry accompanied by three or more of the following symptoms: restlessness, fatigue, concentration problems, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbance

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Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

Front 9

disorders characterized by marked, persistent, and excessive fear and avoidance of specific objects, activities, or situations

Back 9

Phobic Disorders

Front 10

the idea that people are instinctively predisposed toward certain fears

Back 10

Preparedness Theory

Front 11

a disorder characterized by the sudden occurrence of multiple psychological and physiological symptoms that contribute to a feeling of stark terror

Back 11

Panic Disorder

Front 12

a specific phobia involving a fear of public places

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Agoraphobia

Front 13

a disorder in which repetitive, intrusive thoughts (obsessions) and ritualistic behaviours (compulsions) designed to fend off those thoughts interfere significantly with an individual's functioning

Back 13

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Front 14

a disorder characterized by chronic physiological arousal, recurrent unwanted thoughts or images of the trauma, and avoidance of things that call the traumatic event to mind

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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Front 15

mental disorders that have mood disturbance as their predominant feature

Back 15

Mood Disorders

Front 16

a disorder characterized by a severely depressed mood and/or inability to experience pleasure that lasts 2 or more weeks and is accompanied by feelings of worthlessness, lethargy, and sleep and appetite disturbance

Back 16

Major Depressive Disorder (or Unipolar Depression)

Front 17

the same cognitive and bodily problems as in depression are present, but they are less severe and last longer, persisting for at least 2 years

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Dysthymia

Front 18

a moderately depressed mood that persists for at least 2 years and is punctuated by periods of major depression

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Double Depression

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recurrent depressive episodes in a seasonal pattern

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Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD)

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a condition characterized by cycles of abnormal, persistent high mood (mania) and low mood (depression)

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Bipolar Disorder

Front 21

a measure of how much hostility, criticism, and emotional overinvolvement are used when speaking about a family member with a mental disorder

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Expressed Emotion

Front 22

a disorder characterized by the profound disruption of basic psychological processes; a distorted perception of reality; altered or blunted emotion; and disturbances in thought, motivation, and behaviour

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Schizophrenia

Front 23

thoughts and behaviours present in schizophrenia but not seen in those without the disorder, such as delusions and hallucinations

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Positive Symptoms

Front 24

a patently false belief system, often bizarre and grandiose, that is maintained in spite of its irrationality

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Delusion

Front 25

a false perceptual experience that has a compelling sense of being real despite the absence of external stimulation

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Hallucination

Front 26

a severe disruption of verbal communication in which ideas shift rapidly and incoherently among unrelated topics

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Disorganized Speech

Front 27

behaviour that is inappropriate for the situation or ineffective in attaining goals, often with specific motor disturbances

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Grossly Disorganized Behaviour

Front 28

a marked decrease in all movement or an increase in muscular rigidity and overactivity

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Catatonic Behaviour

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deficits or disruptions to normal emotions and behaviours (e.g., emotional and social withdrawal; apathy; poverty of speech; and other indications of the absence or insufficiency of normal behaviour, motivation, and emotion)

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Negative Symptoms

Front 30

the idea that schizophrenia involves an excess of dopamine activity

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Dopamine Hypothesis

Front 31

a condition beginning in early childhood in which a person shows persistent communication deficits as well as restricted and repetitive patterns of behaviours, interests, or activities

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Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Front 32

a persistent pattern of severe problems with inattention and/or hyper activity or impulsiveness that cause significant impairments in functioning

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Front 33

a persistent pattern of deviant behaviour involving aggression to people or animals, destruction of property, deceitfulness or theft, or serious rule violations

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Conduct Disorder

Front 34

enduring patterns of thinking, feeling, or relating to others or controlling impulses that deviate from cultural expectations and cause distress or impaired functioning

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Personality Disorders

Front 35

is deliberate injury inflicted by a person upon their own body without suicidal intent

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Self-Harm

Front 36

used in genetics means the presence of the same trait in both members of a pair of twins, or in sets of individuals. The strict definition is the probability that a pair will both have a certain characteristic given that one of the pair has the characteristic

Back 36

Concordance Rates

Front 37

is a form of clinical depression which can affect women, and less frequently men, after childbirth, in the postnatal period.

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Postpartum Depression

Front 38

defining or describing a person in terms of his or her behaviour (usually used to identify deviant behaviour)

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Labeling

Front 39

The psychodynamic, client-centered, behaviorist, cognitive, family therapy, Gestalt therapy, body-psychotherapies, object relations theories, psychoanalytic selfpsychology, and transactional analysis approaches are all considered within a dynamic systems perspective

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Integrated Perspective

Front 40

a common set of signs and symptoms (is the preferred term in Psychology)

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Disorder

Front 41

a known pathological process affecting the body

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Disease

Front 42

a determination as to whether a disorder or disease is present

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Diagnosis