Psychology Chapter 14 (Rudiger)

Front 1

Social Psychology

Back 1

the scientific study of how we feel about, think about, and behave toward the other people around us, and how those people influence our thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

Front 2

Social Situation

Back 2

the people with whom we are interacting

Front 3

Social Cognition

Back 3

the part of human thinking that helps us understand and predict the behavior or ourselves and others

Front 4

Attitudes

Back 4

our enduring evaluations of people or things

Front 5

Social Norms

Back 5

the accepted beliefs about what we do or what we should do in particular social situations

Front 6

Stereotyping

Back 6

the tendency to attribute personality characteristics to people on the basis of their external appearance or their social group membership

Front 7

Prejudice

Back 7

the tendency to dislike people because of their appearance or group membership

Front 8

Discrimination

Back 8

negative behaviors toward others based on prejudice

Front 9

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

Back 9

a situation that occurs when our expectations about the personality characteristics of others lead us to behave toward those others in ways that make those beliefs come true

Front 10

Social Identity

Back 10

the positive emotions that we experience as a result of out group membership

Front 11

Close Relationship

Back 11

long-term intimate and romantic relationships- for instance, a marriage

Front 12

Mere Exposure

Back 12

the tendency to prefer stimuli (including but not limited to people) that we have seen more frequently

Front 13

Casual Attribution

Back 13

the process of trying to determine the causes of people's behavior, with the goal of learning about their personalities

Front 14

Fundamental Attribution Error (or correspondence bias)

Back 14

the common tendency to overestimate the role of person factors and overlook the impact of social situations in judging others

Front 15

Attitude

Back 15

our relatively enduring evaluation of people and things

Front 16

Self-Monitoring

Back 16

the tendency to regulate behavior to meet the demands of social situations

Front 17

Self-Perception

Back 17

using our behavior to help us determine our own thoughts and feelings

Front 18

Cognitive Dissonance

Back 18

the discomfort we experience when we choose to behave in ways that we see as inappropriate, and which leads our behavior to change attitudes

Front 19

Altruism

Back 19

any behavior that is designed to increase another person's welfare, and particularly those actions that do not seem to provide reward to the person who performs them

Front 20

Reciprocal Altruism

Back 20

the principle that, if we help other people now, those others will return the favor should we need their help in the future

Front 21

Diffusion of Responsibility

Back 21

the assumption that others will take action and therefore we do not take action ourselves

Front 22

Agression

Back 22

behavior intended to harm another individual

Front 23

Catharsis

Back 23

the idea that observing or engaging in less harmful aggressive actions will reduce the tendency to aggress later in a more harmful way

Front 24

Desensitization

Back 24

the tendency over time to show weaker emotion responses to emotional stimuli

Front 25

Culture of Honor

Back 25

a social norm that condones and even encourages responding to insult with aggression

Front 26

Conformity

Back 26

a change in beliefs or behavior that occurs as the result of the presence of the other people around us

Front 27

Obedience

Back 27

conformity towards those with authority

Front 28

Minority Influence

Back 28

conformity in which a smaller number of individuals is able to influence the opinions or behaviors of the larger group

Front 29

Psychological Reactance

Back 29

a strong emotional reaction that leads people to resist pressures to conform

Front 30

Social Facilitation

Back 30

the tendency to perform tasks better or faster in the presence of others

Front 31

Social Inhibition

Back 31

the tendency to perform tasks more poorly or more slowly in the presence of others

Front 32

Social Loafing

Back 32

a group process loss that occurs when people do not work as hard in a group as they do when they are working alone

Front 33

Groupthink

Back 33

an outcome that occurs when a group, as a result of a flawed group process and strong conformity pressures, makes a very poor decision

Front 34

Illusion of Group Productivity

Back 34

the tendency to overvalue the productivity of group in comparison to individual performance