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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adolescense
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period of life bounded by puberty and the assumption of adult responsibilites
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puberty
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period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible
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secondary sex characteristics
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characteristics of gender
ex: depth of voice hair |
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menache
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begining of mestruation
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formal operational stage
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piagets final stage in cognitive development
involves classification logical thought ability to hypothesize think abstractly |
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able to deal with hypothetical situations
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in formal operational stage you become
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imaginary audience
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aspect of adolscent egocentrism
belief as other people are as concerned with our thoughts and behaviors as we are ex: everyones going to look at youre zit people laugh and you think theyre laughing at you |
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personal fable
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aspect of adolescent egocentrism
belief that we are invulnerable ex: we wont fail class youre a hero and youre life is a narrative try drugs wont get addicted |
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Postconventional level (last stage of kohlbergs thoery)
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kohlberg
a period during which moral judgments are derived from moral principle and peopl look to themselves to set moral standards |
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levels of postconventional stage
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5- human needs against societies needs to maintain social order
6-people must follow universal ethical principle and their own conscience, even if it means breaking the law |
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adolescents who feel close to their parents are more
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likely to show greater independence
higher self esteem better school performance fewer psychological problems |
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Ego identity versus role diffusion
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Eriksons 5th stage of psychosocial deveopment
-adolescents who do not develop dgo identity may experience role diffusion |
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Marcia
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identity statuses
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identity statuses
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marcia
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exploration
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marcias system
active questioning and searching among alternatives in the quest to establish goals balues and beliefs |
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commitment
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marcias system
a stable investment in ones goals values and beilefs |
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identity diffusion
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marcias system
lack of a sense of who one is or what one stands for with no active exporation |
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foreclosure
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marica system
automatic adoption of a point of view held by authority figures in ones life make desicions without considering alternatives |
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foreclosed individuals are
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authoritarian and inflexible
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moratium
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marcias system
person whom is actively exploring alternatives in attmpt to make choices with regard to occupation, ideological beliefs, in effert to form an identity |
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identity achievment
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marcias system
individuals whom have explored alternatives and developed commitments |
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adulthood
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legal age
seperation from ones family origin financial independance |
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early adulthood
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when you establish career or path in life
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emerging adulthood
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18-25
allow young people an extended oppertunity to explore thier roles in life. ex: parental funding of college or student loans |
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Arnetts proposition of influences that spurred the rise of emerging adulthood
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change to information based economy
birthcontrol allows pregnancy to be held back |
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moratorium
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eriksons term to describe the extended quest for identity among people who dwell in adolescence
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early adulthood
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20-40
time of feeling strong, growing more aware of the difference between ideals and realities, stirving intensely, becoming established and settling in |
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Postformal stage
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stage of cognitive development where individual has achieved knowledge that judgments of people are made within certain value systems, has begun to narrow infinite possibilities into practical choices, and has overcome the egocentrism of adolescent
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the dream
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levinsons term for the overriding drive of youth to become someone important, to leave mark on history
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intimacy vs isolation
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task of developing intimate relationships
failure leads to retreating in to isolation and loneliness |
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age 30 transition
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28-33
reassessment of the goals and values an individual had in their 20s |
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brain developments during adolescence
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corical regions in high use tend to thicken with new dendrites and synapses
frontal lobes (exectuive funcioning) are less active thatn those of adultsamygdalas are more active all of which accounts for adolescents poorer judgment and higher risk taking compared to adults |
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what cognitive developments occur during adolescence
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formal operational thinking but not everyone reaches it
two consequences of adolescent egocentrism are the imaginary audience and the personal fable |
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Narcias identity statuses
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identity diffusion
foreclosure moratorium identity achievement |
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what ognitive developments occur during early adulthood?
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according to perry, young adults may come to realize that judgments of good or bad are often made from a certain belief system so their thinking grows more complex and less absolute. Labouvie-Vief notes taht young adults often learn to narrow endless possibilites to practical choices
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what social and emotinonal developments take place during early adulthood
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early adulthood is generally characterized by efforts to advance in the business world and the development of intimates, more young adults remain single or cohabit than in earlier generations, but marriage remains the most common lifestyle.
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erikson characterized early adulthood as the stage of____________ versus isolation
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intimacy versus isolation
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middle adulthood
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40-65
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crystalized intelligence
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knowledge shown through vocab and knowldge of world affairs
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what physical developments occur during middle adulthood
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gradual decline in strength
women go through menopause |
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what cognitive delopmens occur in middle adulthood
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crystalized intelligence
fluid intelligence-declines |
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fluid intelligence
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mental flexability to rapidly solve new problems
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generativity vs stagnation
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erkisons term for the crisis of middle adulthood, characterized by hte task of being productive and contributin to younger generations
ex: producing children or facing destructive effects on self esteem |
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Midlife transition
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levinsons term for 40-45 year olds
which are characterized by a shift in psychological perspective from viewing ourselves in terms of years lived to viewing ourselves in terms of the years we have left |
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midlife crisis
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crisis experience by many people during the midlife transition when they realize that life may be more than halfway over and reassess their achievements in terms of their dreams
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identity certaintity
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strong and clear sense of who one is and who one stands for
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confident power
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feelings of self confidence
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themes used to assess development of personality in women from young adulthood through late adulthood
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identity certainty
confident power concern with aging gerativity personal distress |
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sandwhich generation
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middle aged individuals who take care of their own children and their aging parents
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what physical changes occur as people advance to late adulthood
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older people show less sensory acuity and their reaction time lengthens. Immune system weakens
loss of bone density sexual response declines |
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why do we age
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programmed theories of aging see aging as a response to genetic instructions
cellular damage theories see aging as resulting from damage to cells |
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cataract
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clouding of the lens of the eye
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glaucoma
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abnormally high fluid pressure in the eye
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presbycusis
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loss of sharpness of hearing due to age related degenative change in the ear
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programmed theories
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see aging as the result of genetic instructions
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celleclar damage theories
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aging results from damages to cells
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cellula clock theory
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focuses on the built in limits of cell division
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telomeres
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protective segments of dna at the tips of chromosomes
-shrink each time cells divide |
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hormonal stress theory
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endocrine system
-releases hormones into the bloodstream corticosteroids and adrenaline are elevated following illnesses making the body more bulnerable to chronic conditions. |
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immunological theory
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production of antibodies declines with age
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wear and tear theory
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over the years our bodies become less capable of repairing themselves
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programmed theories of aging
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cellular clock theory
hormonal stress theory immunological theory |
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free radical theory
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accumulation of free radical.
-caused by oxidation possibly damaging cell proteins, membranes, and dna. as we age our bodies produce fewer antioxidants |
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cross linking
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cell proteins bind to one another thus toughening tissue.
stiffens collagen results in coarse dry skin |
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cross linking theory
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the stiffening of body proteins accelerates and eventually breaks down bodily processes
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cellular damage theories of aging
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wear and tear
free radical cross linking |
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what cognitive developments take place during late adulthood
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memory fucnioning and processing declines with age
verbal skills remain or increase alzheimers disease is characterized by cognitive deterioration inmemory language and problem solving |
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dimentia
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condtition characterized by deteriorationof cognitve funcioning
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dimentia is caused by
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disease process that damage brain tissue
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ego integrity vs despair
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eriksons crisis of late adulthood characterized by the task of maintaing ones sense of identity despite physcial detiroration
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wisdom
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knowledge coupld with good judgment
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erikson labeled late adulthood the stage of
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ego versus despair
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selective optimization with compensation
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reshaping of ones life to concentrate on what one considers important and meaningful in the face of physcial decline and possible cognitive imairment
MAXIMIZE GAIN MINIMIZE LOSS |
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Kubler Ross
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five stages of dying through many patients undergo
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5 stages of Kubler ross
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denial
anger bargaining depression final acceptance |
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bereavement
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emotional state of longing and deprivation that is characterized by felings of grief and sense of loss
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grief
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emotional suffering resulting from death
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mourning
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culturally prescibed ways of displaying grief
ex:widows are expected to wear black for the remainder of their lives |
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Stages of grieving
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bowlby
shock numbness yearning-searching disorganization-despair reorganization |
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jacobs
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added to grief stages with numness- disbelief, seperation distress, depression- mourning and recovery
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