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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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validity
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the extent to which a test measures or predicts as its supposed to.
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stereotype threat
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a self-confirming concern that will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype.
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Stanford-Binet
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Widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test.
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standardization
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defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested, standardized group.
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savant syndrome
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a condition in which a person otherwise limited in a mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
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reliability
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extent to which a test yields expected results
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predictive validity
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the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior. (aka criterion related validity)
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normal curve
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symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. most scores fall near average, and fewer and fewer the extremes.
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mental retardation
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condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below in adapting to the demands of life; varies from mild to profound.
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mental age
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measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.
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intelligence test
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method of assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores.
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intelligence quotient (IQ)
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defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (thus IQ = ma/ca x 100 ).
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intelligence
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mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations.
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general intelligence (g)
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a general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test.
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factor analysis
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statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one's total score.
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emotional intelligence
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ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions.
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Down syndrome
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a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one's genetic makeup.
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criterion
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behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus the measure is used in defining whether the test has predictive validity.
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creativity
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ability to produce novel and valuable ideas.
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content validity
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extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)
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aptitude test
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test designed to predict one's future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn.
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