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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What's psychology |
The scientific study of behaviour and mental processes |
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Behavior |
Outward overt actions and reactions |
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Mental Processes |
Internal covert activity of our minds |
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Four goals of psychology |
Description Explanation Prediction Control |
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Theory |
General explanation of a set of observations or facts |
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Father of psychology |
William Wundt |
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In 1879 he... |
Founded the first psychological lab |
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What did he study |
Non psychical structures of the mind |
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What method did Wundt use to objectively measure psychology |
Objective introspection |
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Objective introspection |
The observation of ones own mental state |
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Two problems with O. introspection |
Private technique (science needs public ones that can be confirmed) and its Subjective |
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Edward Tichner was a student of Wundt. He founded Structuralism. What did this focus on? |
The structure/basic elements of the mind |
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Margaret Washburn was Titcheners student. Who was she? |
The first woman to earn a PhD in psychology |
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William James founded functionalism. What did he believe? |
They should focus on the function of the brain rather than the structure |
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What is functionalism |
How the mind allows people adapt live work play |
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Which form of psychology influenced evolutionary psychology |
Functionalism |
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Outline gestalt psychology |
The whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
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Outline gestalt psychology #2 |
People look for patterns in sensory info Perception depends on context or reference |
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What's psychoanalysis |
Theory and therapy based on the work of Sigmund Freud |
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Psychoanalysis talks about |
Urges and desires that may lead to disorders |
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Behaviorism |
Focuses on observable behaviour only |
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Behaviourism focus on |
Behaviour response psychology- stimuli causes a response |
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7 modern perspectives of psychology |
Psychodynamic Behavioural Humanistic Cognitive Sociocultural Biopsychological Evolutionary |
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Psychodynamic perspective |
Modern version of psychoanalysis Focused on unconscious mind Motivations. Sense of self |
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Behavioural |
All behaviour is controlled by its consequences |
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B f Skinner (brhavioral) studied... |
The principle of reinforcement |
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Humanistuc |
Emphasis on personal potential Each person can be the best they wanna be |
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Self Actualization |
Achieving ones full potential or actual self |
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Cognitive psychology |
Study of mental processes |
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Cognitive neuroscience |
Study of physical workings of the brain and CNS |
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Sociocultural |
Relationship between social behaviour and culture Cultural norms |
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Biopsychology |
Attributes human and animal behaviour to biological events in the body |
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Evoluntionary |
Behaviour seen as having adaptive or survival value |
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Psychiatric social worker |
Speicializing in psychiatric cases |
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Psychiatrist |
Medical doctor who has specialised in the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders |
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Psychologist |
Professional with an academic degree and specialised trained in an area of psychology |
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Basic research |
Seeks theoretical knowledge for its own sake |
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Applied research |
Deals with real world problems |
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Five steps of scientific method |
Question Hypothesis Testing Conclusions Report results |
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Hypotheses mist be |
Testable and falsifiable |
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Three ways hypothesis can be tested |
Experimental.correlational descriptive |
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What are the three descriptive methods |
Survey case study observation |
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Naturalistic observation |
Normal/natural environment Lack of d. Characteristics Hawthorne effect Observer bias |
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Hawthorne effect/observer. Effect |
Novelty of experience increased productivity. Demand c |
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Observer bias |
Maaze dull and maze bright rats |
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Lab observation |
Controlled Artificial setting |
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Case study |
Often used in clinical psychology Detail Cs may not be generalizable |
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Surveys |
Study covert behaviours and large sample size People may lie Need representative sample |
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Risks of surveys |
Response bias and social desirability bias |
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Problem with correlational studies |
Third variable problem |
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Four steps of experimental method |
Design Conduct Analyse Publish |
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Humans must be |
Free to withdraw Have informed consent Deception Confidential Protected from harm |
