Psychology Chapt. 5

Front 1

synesthesia

Back 1

receiving sensory input in one form and experiencing it in another form

Front 2

sensation

Back 2

the sense organ's detection of external physical stimulus and the transmission of info about this stimulus to the brain

Front 3

perception

Back 3

processing, organizing and interpretation of sensory signal in the brain, result in internal neural representation of the physical stimulus

Front 4

sensory receptors

Back 4

sensory organs that detect physical stimulation from external world and change stimulation into information that can be processed by the brain

Front 5

transduction

Back 5

sensory receptors change physical stimuli into signals that are sent to the brain

Front 6

somatosensory cotex

Back 6

touch

Front 7

primary visual cortex

Back 7

vision

Front 8

primary auditory cortex

Back 8

hearing

Front 9

gustatory cortex

Back 9

taste

Front 10

olfactory cortex

Back 10

smell

Front 11

absolute threshold

Back 11

smallest amount of input that can be detected by our sensory systems

Front 12

difference threshold

Back 12

minimal difference in physical stimulation required to detect a difference between sensory inputs

Front 13

weber's law

Back 13

just noticeable difference between two sensory inputs is based on the proportion of the original sensory inout rather than on a fixed amount of difference

Front 14

signal detection theory

Back 14

detection of a faint stimulus requires a judgement, it is not an all or none process; hit, miss, false alarm, correct rejection

Front 15

sensory adaptation

Back 15

decrease in sensitivity to a constant level of stimulation

Front 16

distal senses

Back 16

olfaction, vision, audition

Front 17

proximal senses

Back 17

touch, taste

Front 18

cornea

Back 18

thick, transparent outer layer of eye

Front 19

pupil

Back 19

small dark opening

Front 20

iris

Back 20

circular muscle, color, control's pupil's size

Front 21

lens

Back 21

adjustable, transparent structure behind the pupil

Front 22

retina

Back 22

thin inner surface of back of the eyeball, contains sensory receptors

Front 23

rods

Back 23

sensory receptors in retina, detect light waves and transduce them into signals, low levels of illumination, don't detect color or fine detail

Front 24

cone

Back 24

sensory receptors in retina, detect light waves and transduce them into signals, high levels of illumination, color in fine detail

Front 25

ganglion cells

Back 25

create action potentials

Front 26

parietal pathway

Back 26

movement

Front 27

temporal pathway

Back 27

recognition

Front 28

amplitude

Back 28

height of light wave from base to peak (brightness)

Front 29

wavelength

Back 29

distance from peak to peak (hue and saturation)

Front 30

trichomatic theory

Back 30

there are three types of cone receptor cells in the retina that are responsible for color perception, each responds optimally to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths, processes in retina

Front 31

S cones

Back 31

shortwave lengths, blue

Front 32

M cones

Back 32

medium wave lengths, green

Front 33

L cones

Back 33

longwave lengths, red

Front 34

opponent-process theory

Back 34

ganglion cells in retina receive excitatory input from one type of cone and inhibitory inout from another type of cone, creating perception that some colors are opposite, processes in thalamus and visual cortex

Front 35

gestalt theory

Back 35

perception is more that gathering sensory input,

Front 36

grouping

Back 36

visual system's organization of features and regions to create perception of whole, unified object

Front 37

figure and ground

Back 37

an object is a figure that is distinct from the backgound

Front 38

bottom up processing

Back 38

perception of objects due to analysis of environmental stimulus input by sensory receptors

Front 39

top down processing

Back 39

perception of objects due to the complex analysis of prior expectations and experiences

Front 40

binocular depth cues

Back 40

cues of depth perception that arise because people have two eyes

Front 41

monocular depth cues

Back 41

cues of depth perception that are available to each eye alone

Front 42

eardrum

Back 42

thin membrane that makes the beginning of the middle ear, sound waves cause it to vibrate

Front 43

cochlea

Back 43

coiled, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear that houses sensory receptors

Front 44

haircells

Back 44

sensory receptors in cochlea, detect sound waves and transduce into signals that are processed in brain as sound

Front 45

temporal coding

Back 45

perception of lower pitched sounds is a result of the rate at which hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of varying higher frequencies

Front 46

place coding

Back 46

perception of higher pitched sounds is a result of location of the basilar membrane where hair cells are stimulated by sound waves of higher frequences

Front 47

taste buds

Back 47

structure located on tongue that contains sensory receptors, 8,000- 10,000

Front 48

papillae

Back 48

groupings of taste buds, 5 tastes: sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami

Front 49

olfaction

Back 49

sense of smell

Front 50

olfactory epithelium

Back 50

thin layer of tissue in gala cavity, contains olfaction receptors which produce info that is processed in brain about smell

Front 51

olfactory bulb

Back 51

carries information about smell to brain

Front 52

warm receptors

Back 52

sensory receptos in skin that detect temp. of stimuli and transduce info to be processed in the brain as warm

Front 53

cold receptors

Back 53

detect temperature of stimulus and transduce info to brain to be processed as cold

Front 54

pressure receptors

Back 54

detect tactile stimulation and transduce it into info processed in brain as different types of pressure on skin

Front 55

fast fibers

Back 55

myelinated, convey intense sensory input to brain where it is perceived as sharp immediate pain

Front 56

slow fibers

Back 56

unmyelinated, convey sensory input to brain, weak, dull steady pain