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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Neuron
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Cells that are highly specialized to receive and transmits information form one part of the body to another.
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Neurotransmitter
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Action potential causes vesicle to open.
-Neurotransmitter released into synapse |
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Types of Neurotransmitters
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•Acetylcholine
•Dopamine •Serotonin •Norepinephrine •GABA •Endorphins |
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Acetylcholine (Alzheimer's)
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Found in neuromuscular junctions
•Involved in muscle movements •Involved in learning and memory |
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Dopamine
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Involved in movement, attention, and learning
•Dopamine imbalance also involved in schizophrenia |
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Parkinson’s
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Is caused by a loss of dopamine-producing neurons. Difficulty starting and stopping voluntary movements
–tremors at rest –stooped posture –rigidity –poor balance |
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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Deterioration of memory, reasoning, and language skills
•Symptoms may be due a to loss of ACh neurons |
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Endorphins
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Control pain and pleasure
•Released in response to pain •Morphine and codeine work on endorphin receptors; involved in healing effects of acupuncture •Runner’s high—feeling of pleasure after a long run is due to heavy endorphin release |
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Central nervous system (CNS)
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Brain and spinal cord
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Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
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Carries messages to and from CNS
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Hypothalamus
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Releases hormones or releasing factors, which in turn cause pituitary gland to release its hormones.
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Amygdala
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Identify emotion from facial expressions.
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Cortical Specialization
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2 types- Localization—notion that different functions are located in different areas of the brain.
Lateralization—notion that different functions are processed primarily on one side of the brain or the other. |
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Aphasia
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Partial or complete inability to articulate ideas or understand language because of brain injury or damage.
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neuroscience
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the study of the nervous system, especially the brain
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myelin sheath
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a white, fatty covering wrapped around the axons of some neurons that increase their communication speed
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