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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Nature-Nurture controversy
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ongoing dispute over the relative contributions of nature (heredity) and nurture (environment) to the development of behavior and mental processes
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Interaction
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a process in which multiple facotrs mutually influence one another and the outcome - as in the interaction between heredity and environment
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Basic research
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research conducted to advance scientific knowledge rather than practical application
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Applied research
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research designed to solve practical problems
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Theory
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an interrelated set of concepts, which explains a body of data
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Hypothesis
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a specific prediction about how one variable is related to another
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Operational Definition
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a precise description of how the variables in a study will be observed and measured
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Meta-analysis
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statistical procedure for combining and analyzing data from many studies
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Experiment
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carefully controlled scientific procedure that determines whether variables manipulated by the experimenter have a casual effect on other variables
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Double-Blind study
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a procedure in which both the researcher and the participants are unaware (blind) of who is in the experimental or control group
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Placebo
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an inactive substance or fake treatment used as a control technique, usually in drug research, or given by a medical practitioner to a patient
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Ethnocentrism
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believing that one's culture is typical of all cultures; also, viewing one's own ethnic group (or culture) as central and "correct" and then judging the rest of the world according to this standard
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Sample bias
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occurs when research participants are not representative of the larger population
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Random assignment
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participants are assigned to experimental conditions on the basis of chance, thus minimizing the possibility of biases or preexisting differences in the groups
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Descriptive research
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research methods that observe and record behavior without producing casual explanations
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Naturalistic observation
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observing and recording behavior in the participant's natural state or habitat
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Correlational research
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any scientific study in which the researcher observes or measures (without directly manipulating) two or more variables to find relationships between them
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Correlation coefficient
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a number that indicates the degree and direction of the relationship between the two variables
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Biological research
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scientific studies of the brain and other parts of the nervous system
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Informed consent
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participant's agreement to take part in a study after being told wha to expect
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Debriefing
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informing participants after the research about the purpose of the study, the nature of the anticipated results, and any deceptions used
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Biopsychosocial model
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a unifying theme of modern psychology, which considers biological, and social processes
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