Psychology Ch. 8

Front 1

specific need or desire, such as hunger, thirst, or achievement, that prompts goal-directed behavior

Back 1

motive

Front 2

feeling, such as fear, joy, or surprise, that underlies behavior

Back 2

emoition

Front 3

Inborn, inflexible, goal-directed behaviors that is characteristic of an entire species

Back 3

instincts

Front 4

state of tension or arousal that motivates behavior (biological needs)

Back 4

drive

Front 5

states that motivated behavior is aimed at reducing a state of bodily tension or arousal and returning the organism to homeostasis

Back 5

drive-reduction theory

Front 6

state of balance and stability in which the organism functions effectively

Back 6

homeostasis

Front 7

unlearned drive, such as hunger, that are based on a physiological state

Back 7

primary drives

Front 8

learned drives, such as ambition, that are based on physiological state

Back 8

secondary drives

Front 9

theory of motivation that proposes that organisms seek an optimal level of arousal

Back 9

arousal theory

Front 10

states that there is an optimal level of arousal for the best performance of any task; the more complex the task, the lower the level of arousal that can be tolerated before performance deteriorates (or vice versa)

Back 10

Yerkes-Dodson law

Front 11

a desire to perform a behavior that stems from the enjoyment derived from the behavior itself

Back 11

intrinsic motivation

Front 12

a desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment

Back 12

extrinsic motivation

Front 13

a theory of motivation advanced by Maslow holding that higher order motivves involving social and personal growth only emerge after lower level of motives related to survival have been satisfied

Back 13

hierarchy of needs

Front 14

a simple sugar used by the body for energy

Back 14

glucose

Front 15

a hormone released by fat cells that reduces appetite

Back 15

leptin

Front 16

a hormone produced in the stomach and small intestines that increases appetite

Back 16

ghrelin

Front 17

external stimulus that prompts goal directed behavior

Back 17

incentive

Front 18

a serious eating disorder that is associated with an intense fear of weight gain and a distorted body image

Back 18

anorexia nervosa

Front 19

an eating disorder characterized by binges of eating followed by self-induced vomiting

Back 19

bulimia nervosa

Front 20

a numerical index calculated from a person's height and weight that is used to indicated health status and predict disease risk

Back 20

body mass index (BMI)

Front 21

a theory that our bodies are genetically predisposed to maintain a certain weight by changing our metabolic rate and activity level in response to caloric intake

Back 21

set point theory

Front 22

the primary male sex hormone

Back 22

testosterone

Front 23

the typical sequence of events, including excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resoltion, characterizing sexual response in males and females

Back 23

sexual response cycle

Front 24

refers to the direction of one's sexual interest toward members of the same sex, the other sex or both sexes

Back 24

sexual orientation

Front 25

unlearned motives, such as curiosity or contact, that prompts us to explore or change the world around us

Back 25

stimulus motives

Front 26

behavior aimed at doing harm to others; also, the motives to behave aggressively

Back 26

aggression

Front 27

the needs to excel, to overcome obstacles

Back 27

achievement motive

Front 28

the need to be with others

Back 28

affiliation motive

Front 29

states that stimuli cause physiological changes in our bodies, and emotions result from those physiological changes

Back 29

James-Lange theory

Front 30

states that the experience of emotion occurs simultaneously with biological changes

Back 30

Cannon-Bard theory

Front 31

states that emotional experience depends on one's percepion or judgement of a situation

Back 31

cognitive theory

Front 32

Culture-specific rules that govern how, when, and why expressions of emotion are appropriate

Back 32

display rules

Front 33

part of the brain that monitors levels of glucose, fats, carbohydrates, and hormones

Back 33

Hypothalamus

Front 34

fat cells secrete this hormone. High levels signal the brain to reduce appetite or to increase metabolism

Back 34

leptin

Front 35

released by the empty stomach, this hormone stimualtes appetite

Back 35

ghrelin

Front 36

secreted by the pancreas, this hormone keeps glucose levels balanced

Back 36

insulin