Psychology Ch. 13

Front 1

Define Psychopatholoy.

Back 1

The scientific study of the origins, symptoms, and development of psychological disorders.

Front 2

Define Psychological disorder/ Mental disorder.

Back 2

A pattern of behavioral and psychological symptoms that causes significant personal distress, impairs the ability to function in one or more important areas of daily life, or both.

Front 3

Define DSM-IV-TR.

Back 3

The abbreviation for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision; the book was published by the American Psychiatric Association that describes the specific symptoms and diagnostic guidelines for different psychological disorders.

Front 4

Define Anxiety.

Back 4

An unpleasant emotional state characterized by physical arousal and feelings of tension, apprehension, and worry.

Front 5

What are the physical effects of anxiety?

Back 5

As your personal internal alarm system, anxiety puts you on physical alert which prepares you to fight or flee potential dangers.

Front 6

What are the mental effects of anxiety?

Back 6

Anxiety puts you on mental alert which makes you focus your attention on a threatening situation, and you scan the environment for potential threats.

Front 7

Define Anxiety Disorders.

Back 7

A category of psychological disorders in which extreme anxiety is the main diagnostic feature and causes significant disruptions in the person’s cognitive, behavioral, or interpersonal functioning.

Front 8

What are 3 features that distinguish normal anxiety from pathological anxiety?

Back 8

1)Pathological anxiety is irrational. Anxiety is provoked by perceived threats that are nonexistent or exaggerated (blown out of proportion).
2)Pathological anxiety is uncontrollable. A person can not shut off an alarm reaction even when he/she knows it is unrealistic.
3)Pathological anxiety is disruptive. It interferes with relationships, job or academic performance, or everyday activities.

Front 9

Define Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

Back 9

An anxiety disorder characterized by excessive, global, and persistent symptoms of anxiety; also called free-floating anxiety.

Front 10

Define Panic Attack.

Back 10

A sudden episode of extreme anxiety that rapidly escalates in intensity.

Front 11

What are some symptoms of a panic attack.

Back 11

-Pounding heart
-Rapid breathing
-Breathlessness
-Choking sensation
-Sweat
-Trembling
-Lightheadedness
-Chills
-Hot flashes

Front 12

Define Panic Disorder.

Back 12

An anxiety disorder in which the person experiences frequent and unexpected panic attacks.

Front 13

Define Phobia.

Back 13

A strong or irrational fear of something usually a specific object or situation that does not necessarily interfere with the ability to function in daily life.

Front 14

Define Specific Phobia.

Back 14

An anxiety disorder characterized by an extreme and irrational fear of a specific object of situation that interferes with the ability to function in daily life; formerly called simple phobia.

Front 15

The objects/situations that produce specific phobias generally fall into four categories: What are they?

Back 15

1)Fear of particular situations (ex. Flying, driving, tunnels, elevators, crowds, enclosed places)
2)Fear of features other the natural environment (ex. Height, water, thunderstorms, lightening)
3)Fear of injury or blood (fear of injections, needles, medical/dental procedures)
4)Fear of animals and insects (snakes, spiders, dogs, cats)

Front 16

Define Agoraphobia.

Back 16

An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of experiencing a panic attack in a public situation and being unable to escape or get help.

Front 17

Define Social Phobia/Social Anxiety Disorder.

Back 17

An anxiety disorder involving the extreme and irrational fear of being embarrassed, judged, or scrutinized by others in social situations.

Front 18

Define Postraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).

Back 18

An anxiety disorder in which chronic and persistent symptoms of anxiety develop in response to an extreme physical or psychological trauma.

Front 19

Define Obsessive Complusive Disorder.

Back 19

An anxiety disorder in which the symptoms of anxiety are triggered by intrusive, repetitive thoughts and urges to perform certain actions.

Front 20

Define Obsessions.

Back 20

Repeated, intrusive, and uncontrollable irrational thoughts or mental images that cause extreme anxiety and distress.

Front 21

Define Complusions.

Back 21

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that are performed to prevent or reduce anxiety.

Front 22

What are 2 biological factors that are involved in OCD?

Back 22

-Deficiency in the neurotransmitter serotonin.
-Dysfunctions in the specific brain areas, such as the frontal lobes (which play a key role in our ability to think and plan ahead) or the caudate nucleus (which is involved in regulating movements).

Front 23

Define Mood Disorders.

Back 23

A category of mental disorders in which significant and persistent disruptions in mood or emotions cause impaired cognitive, behavioral, and physical functioning; also called affective disorders.

Front 24

Define Major Depression.

Back 24

A mood disorder characterized by extreme and persistent feelings of sadness, worthlessness, and hopelessness, causing impaired emotional (sadness), cognitive (difficulty thinking), behavioral (rarely smiles), and physical (insomnia) functioning.

Front 25

Define Dysthymic Disorder.

Back 25

A mood disorder involving chronic, low-grade feelings of depression that produce subjective discomfort but do not seriously impair the ability to function.

Front 26

Define Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD).

Back 26

A mood disorder in which episodes of depression typically occur during the fall and winter and subside during the spring and summer.

Front 27

Define Bipolar Disorder.

Back 27

A mood disorder involving periods of incapacitating depression alternating with periods of extreme euphoria and excitement; formerly called manic depression.

Front 28

Define Manic Episode.

Back 28

A sudden, rapidly escalating emotional state characterized by extreme euphoria, excitement, physical energy, and rapid thoughts and speech.

Front 29

Define Cyclothymic Disorder.

Back 29

A mood disorder characterized by moderate but frequent mood swings that are not severe enough to qualify as bipolar disorder.

Front 30

Define Personality Disorder.

Back 30

Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of thoughts, emotions, behavior, and interpersonal functioning that are stable over time and across situations, and deviate from the expectations of the individual’s culture.

Front 31

What are 3 of the best know personlity disorders?

Back 31

1-Paranoid personality disorder
2-Antisocial personality disorder
3-Borderline personality disorder

Front 32

Define Paranoid Personality Disorder.

Back 32

A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive distrust and suspiciousness of the motives of others without sufficient basis.

Front 33

Define Antisocial Personality Disorder.

Back 33

A personality disorder that is characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregarding and violating the rights of others; such individuals are also often referred to as psychopaths or sociopaths.

Front 34

Borderline Personality Disorder.

Back 34

A personality disorder characterized by instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and emotions, and marked impulsively.

Front 35

Define Dissociative Experience.

Back 35

A break or disruption in consciousness during which awareness, memory, and personal identity become separated or divided.

Front 36

Define Dissociative Disorders.

Back 36

A category of psychological disorders in which extreme and frequent disruptions of awareness, memory, and personal identity impair the ability to function.

Front 37

What are the 3 basic dissociative disorders.

Back 37

1-dissociative amnesia
2-dissociative fugue
3-dissociative identity disorder

Front 38

Define dissociative amnesia.

Back 38

A dissociative disorder involving the partial or total inability to recall important personal information.

Front 39

Define dissociative fugue.

Back 39

A dissociative disorder involving sudden and unexpected travel away from home, extensive amnesia, and identity confusion.

Front 40

Define dissociative identity disorder.

Back 40

A dissociative disorder involving extensive memory disruptions along with the presence of 2 or more distinct identities, or “personalities”; formerly called multiple personality disorder.

Front 41

Define Schizophrenia and what are the 2 categories of the symptoms?

Back 41

A psychological disorder in which the ability to function is impaired by severely distorted beliefs, perceptions, and thought processes.
-positive and negative

Front 42

Define Delusions.

Back 42

A falsely held belief that persists in spite of compelling contradictory evidence.

Front 43

Define delusion of reference.

Back 43

the person is convinced that other people are constantly talking about her of that everything that happens is somehow related to her.

Front 44

Define delusions of grandeur.

Back 44

the belief that the person is extremely powerful, important, or wealthy.

Front 45

Define delusions of persecution.

Back 45

the basic theme that others are plotting against or trying to harm the person or someone close to her.

Front 46

Define Hallucination.

Back 46

A false or distorted perception that seems vividly real to the person experiencing it.

Front 47

What are the 4 basic types of schizophrenia?

Back 47

1)Paranoid type- presence of delusions, hallucinations, or both, but no cognitive impairment, disorganized behavior, or negative symptoms.
2)Catatonic type- highly disturbed movements or actions, such as bizarre postures or grimaces, extremely agitated behavior, complete immobility, echoing words spoken by others or imitating their movements.
3)Disorganized type- extremely disorganized behavior, disorganized speech, flat affect, and sometimes disorganized delusions and hallucinations.
4)Undifferentiated type-describes individuals who display some combination of positive and negative symptoms.

Front 48

Define Dopamine Hypothesis.

Back 48

The view that schizophrenia is related to, and may be caused by, excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain.