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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Psychology?
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The study of the mind and human behavior.
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What is the difference between your mind and your behavior?
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Behavior is observable, people can see what others are performing. Mind is the basis of mental activity; not observable.
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Why is the year 1879 so important?
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Was the year psychology was established. Wilhelm Wundt established the first psych. lab/founder of psych.
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What are the two major types of psychology?
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Social and Experimental
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What is Social Psych?
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It is effected by culture
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What is experimental psych?
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How we see, think, learn, etc.
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Who was Edward Bradford Titchener?
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-Was a student of Wilhelm Wundt
-Believed in Structuralism |
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What is structuralims?
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A method of Introspection
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What is Introspection?
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Looking Inward
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Who was William James?
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-First teacher to allow a woman to continue her education in college
-Believed in Functionalism |
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What is functionalism?
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The study of the function of the mind and the use of
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Who was John Watson?
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-Believed in Behaviorism
-Believed everything was learned -Stimulus + Response |
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What is Behaviorism?
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The study of observable behavior
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Who was Mary Calkins?
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A student William James tutored who later became the president of APA.
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What is Taste Aversion?
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When you eat something that makes you sick or you don't like it and you learn not to eat it again
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Who was Garcia?
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Put saccharine in water for rats. The rats enjoyed it but it made them sick so they learned not to drink the water anymore
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What is Cognitive Psychology?
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Studies the process of thinking, evaluation, judgement, and decision making
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What is Basic research?
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doing research for the sake of knowledge and the truth of behavior
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What is applied research?
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is aimed toward solving practical problems
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What is a Clincial Psych?
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studies, assess, and treats troubled people
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What is a Psychiatrist?
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Medical doctor that can perscribe drugs and treat physical causes of psychological disorders
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What is the "Philosophy" of a Psychiatrist?
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Psychological problems are like physical problems, something is wrong with the body
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What is Hindsight Bias?
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Looking back at something and thinking "I could have seen that coming" The tendency to believe after learning an outcome, one would have foreseen.
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What are social psychologists?
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explore how we view and affect one another.
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What is a theory?
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A set of logically related statements which try to explain relationships
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What are the three research methods?
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Descriptive, Correlational, and Experimental
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What is the basic purpose of descriptive research?
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to observe and record behavior
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How is descriptive research conducted?
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Do case studies, surveys, and naturalistic observations.
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Is anything manipulated in descriptive research?
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No
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What are possible problems of descriptive research?
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Biased observations
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What is the basic purpose of correlational research?
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to detect naturally occuring relationships
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How is correlational research conducted?
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Compute statistical association, sometimes among survey responses
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Is anything manipulated in correlational reserach?
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NO
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What are possible problems of correlational research?
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Does not specify cause and effect
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What is the basic purpose of Experimental research?
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Explore cause and effect
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How is Experimental Research conducted?
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Manipulate one or more factors
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Is anything manipulated in Experimental Research?
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Independent variable(s)
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What are possible problems of Experimental Research?
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Results may not generalize to other contexts
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What is a case study?
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An in depth observation of one or very few people
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What is the definition of Data?
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Gathering information after the research is complete
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What is Bystander Effect?
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When the number of people witnessig something increases, the liklihood of the helping decreases
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What is a Placebo?
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A fake substance sdministered instead of the real thing
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What is a Double-blind Procedure?
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When both the researcher and participant are blind as to who takes the placebo and who takes the real thing
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What is the Experimental Control?
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The group that is given the treatment
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What is the Condition control?
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The group that does not revceive the treatment.
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What is deception?
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Controls subject bias
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What is an Independent Variable?
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The variable whose effects are studied
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What is a Dependent Variable?
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Experimental factor that is measured
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What is Subject Bias?
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When the rearcher does not tell the participant in an experiment what the objective is in fear of them ruining it.
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What is Biological Psychology?
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concerned with the links between biology and behavior
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What type of psychology is Biological psychology?
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Basic
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What is Phrenology?
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Franz Gall believed that bumps on our skulls revealed our mental abilities and character traits
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Was Phrenology considered a correct theory?
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No because bumps cannot tell us anything about the brains underlying functions
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What is Phrenology?
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Franz Gall believed that the bumps on our skulls revealed our mental abilities and characteristic traits
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What the Phrenology theory correct?
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No because bumps tell us nothing about the brains underlying functions
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What is a Neuron?
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Nerve Cells that are the basci building block to the nervous system
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What is the cell body?
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The cell's life-support center
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What are Dendrites?
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Bushy fibers that receive messages from other cell's
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What is the axon?
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carries information to other neurons, muscles, and glands
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What is the Myelin Sheath?
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a layer of fatty tissue that insulates the axon of some neurons and helps their impulse speed.
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What do terminal branches do?
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Form juncitons with other cells
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What is the Action Impulse?
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electrical signals carried down the axon
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What is the Synapse?
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The junction between the tip of the axons sending neuron and the dendrites receiveing neuron.
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What are neurotransmitter?
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Chemical messengers that travesre the synapse gaps between neurons
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What is Acetylcholine?
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Enables muscle action, learning, and memory
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What is an example of a malfunction with Acetylcholine?
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too little could lead too alzheimers
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What is Dopamine?
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Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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What are examples of malfunctions with Dopamine?
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too much could lead to schizophrenia and too little could lead to parkinsons
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What is Serotonin?
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affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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What is an example of a malfunction with Serotonin
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Too little can lead to depression
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What is Nor-epinephrine?
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Controls alterness, and arousal
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What is a malfunction of Nor-epinephrine?
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too little could lead to a derpressive mood
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What does the Medulla do in the brain?
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Base of the brainstem; controls breathing and heartbeat
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What does the Reticular Formation do in the brain?
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Controls arousal
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What is the Thalamus in the brain?
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aka. "Sensory Relay" all of our sensations, except for smelling goes through this part of the brain before any other part.
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What is the Brainstem?
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the oldest and central core part; responsible for our automatic survival functions.
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What is the Cerebellum in the brain?
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helps coordinate voluntary movement and balance
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What is the Hypothalamus in the brain?
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Controls our hunger, thirst, sex drive, body temperature, and growth.
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What is one thing about the Hypothalamus that others should know?
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It is so sensitive that even the slightest touch could cause severe damage.
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What is the Pituitary Gland in the brain?
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Secretes hormones that regulate our sex drive.
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What is the Limbic System in the brain?
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associated with emotions such as fear and aggresstion and drives such as food and sex
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What does the Limbic System include?
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Hypthalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala.
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what is the amygdala in the brain?
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in the limbic system; linked to emotions
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What is the Hippocampus in the brain?
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in the limbic system; linked to memory.
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What is the Corpus Collasum in the brain?
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axon fibers that connect 2 cerebral hemispheres; does not regulate any behavior
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What is the Occipital lobe?
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Where we see things
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What is the Frontal Lobe?
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involved with speaking, muscle movement, planning and judgment.
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What is the temporal lobe?
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involved with hearing.
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What is the parietal lobe?
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sensory cortex
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What is the sensory cortex?
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registers and proccesses body sensations; left hemisphere
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What is the motor cortex?
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the left hemisphere that controls the body's right side
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What is Broca's area?
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controls speech muscles
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What is Wernickes area?
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interprets auditory code.
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