Psychology Chapter 5

Front 1

Learning

Back 1

A relative permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice

Front 2

When people learn anything, some part of their brain is __________________ to record what they have learned.

Back 2

Physically changed

Front 3

Any kind of change in the way an organism _______ is learning.

Back 3

Behaves

Front 4

Ivan Pavlov

Back 4

Russian physiologist (person who studies the workings of the body) who discovered classical conditioning through his work on digestion in dogs.

Front 5

Classical conditioning

Back 5

Learning to make a reflex response to stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex

Front 6

Neutral Stimulus (NS)

Back 6

Stimulus that, before conditioning, has no effect on the designed response. Ex. Ball

Front 7

Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS)

Back 7

Naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary response. Ex. Food served involving no learning

Front 8

Unconditioned means

Back 8

"Unlearned" or "Naturally occurring"

Front 9

Unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 9

An involuntary response to a naturally occurring or unconditioned stimulus Ex. Salivation. involves learning

Front 10

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Back 10

Stimulus that becomes able to produce a learned reflex response by being paired with the original unconditioned stimulus

Front 11

Conditioned means

Back 11

Learned

Front 12

A neutral Stimulus can become a conditioned ________ when paired with an unconditioned stimulus

Back 12

Stimulus

Front 13

Conditioned Response (CR)

Back 13

Learned reflex response to a conditioned stimulus.

Front 14

Acquisition

Back 14

The training stage during which a particular response is learned.

Front 15

Extinction

Back 15

The disappearance or wakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditional stimulus- ringing the bell but not presenting the food. Salivation dies out

Front 16

Spontaneous Recovery

Back 16

The reappearance of a learned responses after extinction has occurred. After several weeks, bell was rung and the dog salivated. Did not last long and was weak.

Front 17

Learning is a relatively ______ change in behavior

Back 17

Permanent

Front 18

Stimulus Generalization

Back 18

A process that involves giving a conditioned response to stimuli that is similar to the conditioned stimulus

Front 19

Pavlov's Dogs salivating in response to a ____ instead of a tuning fork

Back 19

Bell

Front 20

Conditioned emotional response (CER)

Back 20

Emotional response that has become classically conditioned to occur to learned stimuli.

Front 21

Phobias

Back 21

Irrational fear of an activity, object, or situation that is of proportion to the actual danger

Front 22

Systematic Desensitization

Back 22

Classically conditioning a desired response (relaxation) to the phobic stimuli

Front 23

Taste Aversion

Back 23

Development of a dislike or a version to a flavor or food that has been paired with illness

Front 24

Reinforcement

Back 24

Any event or stimulus that make the behavior if follows

Front 25

Primary Reinforcer

Back 25

making a basic biological

Front 26

Positive Reinforcement

Back 26

The reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable consequence. EX. AN Award

Front 27

Negative reinforcement

Back 27

The reinforcement of a response by the removal or avoidance of an unpleasant stimulus

Front 28

Punishment

Back 28

used to decrease a behavior or reduce its probability of recurring

Front 29

Punishment by application

Back 29

The Punishment of a response by the addition or experience of an unpleasant stimulus

Front 30

Punishment by removal

Back 30

The punishment of a response by the removal of a pleasurable stimulus.

Front 31

Negative reinforcement occurs when a response is followed by the _____ of an unpleasant stimulus. Punishment decreases the likelihood of a behavior happening again. Punishment ______ responses, whereas reinforcement(nb matter whether it is positive or negative) ________ responses.

Back 31

Removal

weakens

strengthens

Front 32

Behavior modification

Back 32

The use of operant conditioning techniques to bring about desired changes in behavior.

Front 33

Token economy

Back 33

Type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens

Front 34

Time out

Back 34

A form of mild punishment by removal in which a misbehaving animals, child or adult is placed in a special area away from the attention of others.

Front 35

Observational learning

Back 35

Learning that occurs through watching and imitating the behavior of others

Front 36

4 Eements of Observational learning

Back 36

Attention

Memory

Imitation

Motivation

Front 37

Attention

Back 37

to learn anything through observation, the learner must first pay attention to the model

Front 38

Memory

Back 38

The learner must also be able to remain the moray of what was done, Such as remembering the steps in preparing a dish.

Front 39

imitation

Back 39

The learner must be capable of reproducion or imitating the actions of the model

Front 40

Motivation

Back 40

Finally the leader must have the desire to perform the actions.