Psychology

Front 1

Neurotransmitters

Back 1

Neurotransmitters are endogenous chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another "target"

neurone.

Front 2

Dopamine

Back 2

Dopamine affects emotional arousal, pleasure and voluntary movement. It's a chemical involved in a degenerative disease called Parkinson's disease.

Front 3

Serotonin

Back 3

Serotonin regulates sleep, wakefulness and aggressive behaviour, its also involved in pain. For example, Cleare and Bond 1997 on aggressive male behaviour. It's also important in OCD.

Front 4

Endorphins

Back 4

Endorphins are a collection of neurotransmitters that affect mood and reduce feelings of pain. They are the body's natural painkiller chemical.

Front 5

Genetics

Back 5

Is the study of the genetic make-up of organisms and how this influences physical and behavioural characteristics.

Front 6

Heredity

Back 6

Is the traits, tendencies and characteristics that are inherited from a persons parents and their ancestors (Carlson and Buskist 1997).

Front 7

Genotype

Back 7

Our genetic make-up.

Front 8

Phenotype

Back 8

There are observable characteristics; the outward expression of our genotype, but it's also

affected by the environment.

Front 9

Recessive genes

Back 9

They only show if the individual has two copies of the recessive gene, for example, the gene for blue eyes is recessive, two copies are needed to have blue eyes.

Front 10

Dominant genes

Back 10

Always shows if the individual only has one copy of the gene. E.G. the gene for brown eyes is dominant, you need one copy to have brown eyes, but two copies will still give you brown eyes.

Front 11

The Minnesota twin study, Bouchard et al (1990)

Back 11

All twins in Minnesota born 1961-1964 both MZ and DZ were given intelligence tests to complete.

The scores showed identical twins have greater similarity, compared to fraternal twins.

Front 12

Gottesman (1991)

Back 12

He found concordance for schizophrenia in MZ twins is 48% whilst in DZ twins is only 17%.If both parents are schizophrenic the chances are 46% that their child will develop the disorder.

Front 13

Cloniger (1987)

Back 13

Conducted a study which revealed that sons of alcoholic biological parents were more likely to become alcoholics compared to bus who were reared by adoptive parents that were alcoholic.