Psychology

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electic approach

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an approcach to psychotherapy, depending on the client's problems, uses techniques from various forms of therapy

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resistence

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in psychoanalysis, the blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden material

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transference

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in psychoanalysis, the patient's transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships (such as love or hatred for a parent)

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client-centered therapy (Rogerian Therapy)

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a humanistic therapy, developed by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist uses techniques such as active listening within a genuine, accepting, empathic environment to facilitate clients' growth

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systematic desensitization

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a type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. Commonly used to treat phobias.

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aversive conditioning

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a type of counter-conditioning that associates an unpleasant state (such as nausea) with an unwanted behavior (such as drinking alcohol)

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cognitive therapies

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therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumption that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions

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cognitive-behavior therapy

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a popular integrated therapy that combines cognitive therapy (changing self-defeating thinking) with behavior therapy (changing behavior)

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prozac

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partially blocks the reabsorption and removal of serotonin from synapses (SSRI)

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lithium

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a chemical that provides an effective drug therapy for the mood swings of bipolar (manic-depressive) disorders

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electroconvulsive therapy
ECT

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a biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which a brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient

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lobotomy

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a now-rare psychosugrical procedure once used to calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients; the procedure cuts the nerves that connect the frontal lobes to the emotion-controlling centers of the inner brain

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flooding

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over exposing a person to a fear to get them over it

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Gestalt Therapy

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used to unite the person or to make them whole and give them better self understanding

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rational-emotive therapy

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cognitive therapy; idea that there are certain common thoughts that you can get past if you don't worry about them; unhappiness comes from outside events that I cannot control, but I can control the inside (ZEN)

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trephining

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making a hole in the head to let out the spirits
(old treatment)

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phenothiazines

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main drug given to schizophrenics
(came from an antihistimine)

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fundamental attribution error

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the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition

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foot-in-the-door phenomenon

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the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a large request

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cognitive dissonance theory

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the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent

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Asch's experiment with lines

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proved that people conform to the majority so that they aren't the oddball

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conditions that strengthen conformity

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1) group has at least 3 people
2) group is unanimous
3) status of group
4) lack of prior commitment

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Milgram's obedience experiment

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teacher and learner; teacher had to punish learner for every answer he got wrong with increasingly powerful electric shocks; tested how much people can be commanded

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conditions that strengthen obedience

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1) experimenter is in close proximity
2) prestige of experiment
3) learner was unseen
4) no influence from other teachers

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social facilitation

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improved performance of tasks in the presence of others

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social loafing

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the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal then when individually accountable

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deindividuation

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the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occuring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

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group polarization

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the enhancement of a group's prevailing attitudes through discussion within a group

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groupthink

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the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives

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diffusion of responsibility

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when in a group, you don’t take as big a responsibility for things

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bystander effect

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Everyone thinks someone else will call the police, so they don’t do it

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first impressions

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Show them your best right away
First impressions are lasting

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halo effect

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a social psychology phenomenon that has to do with people seeing if you’re good at one thing, then you’re good at other things; as if you have a halo on your head

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playing hard to get

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Change of heart study

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congitive dissonance

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If you can get someone to do you a favor, they will like you better than if you do them a favor

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proximity

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When you’re around someone a lot, you see them a lot, so you tend to like them better

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mere exposure effect

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: joke where people had to pick which pictures of themselves that they like the best, and they ended up picking the mirror images of themselves

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physical attractiveness

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Everyone has a different view
Not just a matter of looks; sometimes its got to do with confidence, or weird things such as body ratios
Its all hardwire, its not absolute

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similarity

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As you find out more about someone, as you find out that they share more/less in common with you, we do not change ourselves or our attitudes, we change our friends.
We tend to be attracted to people that remind us of ourselves  birds of a feather flock together
we like it when people are alike
when you like someone you overestimate the similarities

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just-world phenomenon

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the world is just; if something bad happens to you, you probably deserved it

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territoriality

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personal space