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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Collective (or aggregate) |
to describe a gathering of people who have minimal ( direct interaction) eg: Crowd at rock concert , cheer squad of supporters. |
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Reliability |
consistency of a research study or measuring test |
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Shift In Attention |
Focus on external events having fewer opportunities to focus on internal thoughts eg : |
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Cultural Bias |
Tendency for a test to give a lower score to a person from a different culture. |
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Cultural Fair |
Attempt to provide items that will not disadvantage or penalize a risk taker on the basis of their cultural ethnic background. |
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Gardner intelligence |
viewed intelligence as 7 different types categorized intelligence into three categories ability to create affective product offer service or skills valued in a culture
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Reliability Test-Retest Reliability. |
-if the test has consistency , dependability and stable results
-the same test is given to a group of subjects on at least two separate occasions. If the test is reliable, the scores that each student receives on the first administration should be similar to the scores on the second.
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Validity
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-Measures what it claims to measure - refers to the degree in which our test or other measuring device is truly measuring what we intended it to measure. |
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Intelligence |
Involves the ability to learn from experience , to acquire knowledge , to reason , and solve problems dealing with people and adapting effectively to the environment. |
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Criticisms of Intelligence theories |
- Lack of emperical evidence - reliability - the validity of them - whether what skills that are considered intelligence are. |
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Steinberg Triarchic Theory |
-went against the psychometric approach to intelligence and take a more cognitive approach. 3 components -Analytical problem solving orientated doing well on tests -Practical - ability to adapt to everyday life situations -Creative
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Personality |
An individuals unique pattern of thoughts , feelings and behavior that are relatively stable over time. |
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Personality Trait |
Behavior of characteristics displayed in most situations |
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Personality type |
Style of personality defined by a group |
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Personality Theories |
approach to describing origins and development of personality |
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Id , Ego , super Ego |
Id - demanding , logical everyday needs (eg , food water sleep ) Ego - reality principle finding a solution , socially acceptable super ego - moral principle , idealistic judgemental right / wrong |
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Salovey and Mayer |
1 . accurately percieving emotions 2. using emotions to assist thoughts 3. understanding emotions 4. managing emotions |
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Catell - Horn |
- based on psychometrics Measurement of three layers of strata , broad abilities Fluid intelligence - individuals reasoning for problem solving ' Crystallised intelligence- problem solving , developmental skills through experience |
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Trait Theories |
Focus on measuring identifying describing individual differences in personality in terms of traits |
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Factor Analysis
used by costa mccrae |
statistical procedure that clusters or groups together items of info that correlate more highly against those items that dont. |
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Eysencks pen model |
3 dimensions of personality - extroversion(middle ) , neuroticism(low ) , psychoticism (high )
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Costa Mccrae |
Five factor Model used factor analysis to eliminate to become more clear. o c e a n
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Surface trait |
a trait that is on the surface of an individuals personality. eg Optimistic attitude |
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Source Trait |
Underlying trait that can be observed in behavior surface traits |
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Catells 16 personality factor |
16 personality factors reducing all ports list of traits by use of factor analysis quantitive method |
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Humanistic Theories |
Emphasise the uniqueness of an individual and the positive qualities and potential to fulfill their lives. Carl rogers - assumption everyone is born good emphasised importance of free will.
self image , true self ,ideal self
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Three Factors |
1. way others treat them whether they are accepted or rejected 2. how they view themselves 3 how they effectively deal with negative influences self image , true self , ideal self |
