Psychology

Front 1

judging the extent to which behavior is caused by the peron or by the situation.

Back 1

causal attribution

Front 2

deciding that someone is responsible for his or her behavior.

Back 2

dispositional attribution

Front 3

deciding that circumstances are responsible for a person's behavior

Back 3

situational attribution

Front 4

the tendncy to atribute other people's behavior to dispositional factors.

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fundamental attribution error

Front 5

the tendency to make dispositional attributions for our own positive behaviors and situational attribution for our own negative behaviors, especially when our self-esteen is threatened

Back 5

self-serving bias

Front 6

making judgements about other people

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person perception

Front 7

guides our predictions of a person's behavior and our desire to interact with that person

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first impression

Front 8

the tendency for one person's expectations to make another person behave in acordance with them.

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self-fulfilling prophecy

Front 9

evalutaions of ideas, events, objects, or people.

Back 9

attitudes

Front 10

unpleasant state of tension associated with increased physiological and psychological arousal, caused by the realization that one has beliefs that are inconsistent with each other or one's behavior

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cognitive dissonance theory

Front 11

behaving in accordance with group expectations with little or now overt pressure to do so

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conformity

Front 12

following orders given by an authority

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obedience

Front 13

the act of helping someone who is in immediate need of aid

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bystander intervention

Front 14

as the # of bystanders increases, the likelihood of a bystander's intervening decreases

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diffusion of responsibility

Front 15

"tip of the iceburg". represents a tiny region of the mind

Back 15

conscious mind

Front 16

accessible memories (memories that we can recall at will)

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preconscious mind

Front 17

the bulk of the mind, contains material we cannot recall at will

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unconscious mind

Front 18

the part of the personality that contains inborn biological drives and that seeks immediate gratification

Back 18

id (pleaseure principle)

Front 19

part of the personality that helps the individual adapt to external realty by making compromises between the id, the supergo, and the environment.

Back 19

ego (reality principle)

Front 20

the part of the personality that acts as a moral guide telling us what we should and should not do

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superego

Front 21

a process that distorts reality to prevent the individual from being overwhelmed by anxiety

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defense mechanism

Front 22

attributing our undesirable feelings to others

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projection

Front 23

a person who fears the consequences of expressing his or her feelings toward a particular person might express them towards someone less threatening

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displacement

Front 24

countering undesirable feelings by acting in a manner opposite to them

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reaction formation

Front 25

displaying immature behaviors that relieved anxiety in the past

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regression

Front 26

providing socially acceptable reasons for our innappropriate behaviors

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rationalization

Front 27

tests based on the assumption the we will "project" our repressed feelings and conflicts onto ambiguous stimuli

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projective tests

Front 28

consists of one blank card and 19 cards containing black and white pictures of people in ambiguous situations

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TAT (Thematic Apperception Test)

Front 29

a test that asks participants to report what they see in inkblots

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Rorscach Test (Inkblot test)

Front 30

The humanistic approach to personality

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hold that human beings are naturally good

Front 31

an individual's predisposition to try to fulfill her or his potentials

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self-actualization

Front 32

a person's unique pattern of behavior, tied to specific situations

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operant conditioning theory

Front 33

belief that personality traits, environmental factors, and overt behavior affect each other

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reciprocal determinism

Front 34

distinctive combinations of personal dispositions

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trait theories

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favors the study of biological causes of psychological disorders

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biopsychological viewpoint

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grew out of the biopsychological viewpoint, but instead of looking for underlying biological causes of psychological disorders, it looks for unconscious ideas.

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psychoanalytic viewpoint

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looks for mental causes of behavior

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behavioral viewpoint

Front 38

stresses the importance of self-actualization

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humanistic viewpoint

Front 39

cultural influence on psychological disorders

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social-cultural viewpoint

Front 40

the view that people differ in their biological predispositions to develop psychological disorders

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diathesis-stress model

Front 41

a psychological disorder marked by persistant anxiety that disrupts everyday functioning

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anxiety disorder

Front 42

an anxiety disorder marked by a persistant state of anxiety that exists independently of any particular stressful situation

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generalized anxiety disorder

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a persistent, recurring though

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obsession

Front 44

a repetitive action you feel compelled to perform

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compulsion

Front 45

experience of excessive or innappropriate fear

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phobia

Front 46

the fear of being in public

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agoraphobia

Front 47

an anxiety disorder marked by sudden, unexpected attacks of overwhelming anxiety, often associated with the fear of dying or "losing one's mind"

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panic disorder

Front 48

a person's conscious mind loses access to certain thoughts, feelings, and memories

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dissociative disorder

Front 49

the anability to recall personally significant memories

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dissociative amnesia

Front 50

memorey loss characteristic of dissociative amnesia as well as the loss of one's identity and fleeing from one's prior life.

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dissociative fugue

Front 51

multiple personality disorder in which the person has two or more distinct personalities that alternate with one another

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dissociative identity disorder

Front 52

a psychological disorder marked by prolonged perios of extreme depression or elation, often unrelated to the person's current situation

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mood disorder

Front 53

a mod disorder marked by depression that lasts so long the person may be unable to function in everyday life

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major depression

Front 54

a mood disorder marked by perios of mania alternating with longer periods of major depression

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bipolar disorder

Front 55

suffering from severe depression in certain seasons

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seasonal affective disorder

Front 56

a severe psychological disorder characterized by impaired social, emotional, cognitive, and perceptual functioning

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schizophrenia

Front 57

hallucinations, delusions, suspiciousness, and argumentativeness

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paranoid schizophrenia

Front 58

unusual motor behavior, often alternating between catatonic excitement and catatonic stupor

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atatonic schizophrenia