Psychology

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physiological

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having to do with an organism's physical processes

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cognitive

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having to do with an organism's thinking and understanding

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psychology

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the scientific study of behavior that is tested through scientific research

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hypothesis

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an assumption or prediction about behavior that is tested through scientific research

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theory

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a set of assumptions used to explain phenomena and offered for scientific study

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basic science

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the pursuit of knowledge about natural phenomena for its own sake

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applied science

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discovering ways to use scientific findings to accomplish goals

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scientific method

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a general approach to gathering information and answering questions so that errors and biases are minimized

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structuralist

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a psychologist who studied the basic elements that make up conscious mental experiences

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introspection

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a method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and feelings

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functionalist

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a psychologist who studied the function (rather then structure) of consciousness

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psychoanalyst

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studies how unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior

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behaviorist

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a psychologist who analyzes how organisms learn or modify their behavior based on their response to events in the environment

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humanist

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a psychologist who believes that each person has freedom in directing his or her future and achieving personal growth

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cognitivist

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a psychologist who studies how we process, store, retrieve, and use information and how cognitive processes influence our behavior

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psychobiologist

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a psychologist who studies how physical and chemical changes in our bodies influence our behavior

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psychologist

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a scientist who studies the mind and behavior of humans and animals

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psychiatry

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a branch of medicine that deals with mental, emotional, or behavioral disorders

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clinical psychologist

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a psychologist who diagnoses and treats people with emotional disturbances

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counseling psychologist

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a psychologist who usually helps people deal with problems of living

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developmental psychologist

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a psychologist who studies the emotional, cognitive, biological, personal, and social changes that occur as an individual matures

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educational psychologist

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a psychologist who is concerned with helping students learn

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community psychologist

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a psychologist who may work in a mental health or social welfare agency

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industrial/organizational psychologist

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a psychologist who uses psychological concepts to make the workplace more a satisfying environment for employees and managers

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experimental psychologist

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a psychologist who studies sensation, perception, learning, motivation, and emotion in carefully controlled laboratory conditions

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sample

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the small group of participants, out of the total number available, that a researcher studies

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naturalistic observation

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research method in which the psychologist observes the subject in a natural setting without interfering

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case study

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research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

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survey

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research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions

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longitudinal study

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research method in which data is collected about a group of participants over a number of years to assess how certain characteristics change or remain the same during development

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cross sectional study

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research method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and compared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age

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correlation

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the measure of a relationship between two variables or sets of data

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hypothesis

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an educated guess about the relationship between two variables

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variable

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any factor that is capable of change

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experimental group

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the group to which an independent variable is applied

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control group

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the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied

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control group

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the group that is treated in the same way as the experimental group except that the experimental treatment (the independent variable) is not applied

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self-fulfilling prophecy

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a situation in which a researcher's expectations influence that person's own behavior, and thereby influence the participant's behavior

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single-blind experiment

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an experiment in which the participants are unaware of which participants recieved treatment

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double-blind experiment

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an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants recieved which treatment

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placebo effect

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a change in a participant's illness or behavior that results from a belief that the treatment will have an effect, rather than the actual treatment.