Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Father's Sperm + Mothers Ovum = |
Conception |
|
|
A zygote is composed of what |
46 chromosomes total 23 from each parent |
|
|
Each chromosome contains _____ Made up of ___ Shaped like a _______ ______ Has the ability to __________ |
Genes DNA Double Helix Replicate |
|
|
A zygote that divides to form two genetically identical individuals to form two genetically identical individuals |
Monozygotic (identical) |
|
|
Occurs when two ova are released simultaneously and both are fertilized by a different sperm |
Dizygotic (fraternal) |
|
|
XY Chromosomes = XX Chromosomes = |
Male Female |
|
|
If two alleles are homozygous |
They are both dominant or both recessive |
|
|
If two alleles are heterozygous |
One is dominant and one is recessive |
|
|
If two alleles are co-dominant |
The are each heterozygous and equal |
|
|
Female Abnormalities 1.XO 2. XXX, XXXX, or XXXXX |
1. Turner Syndrome 2. Poly-X Syndrome |
|
|
Male Abnormalities 1. XXY or XXXY 2. XYY, XYYY, or XYYYY |
1. Klinefelter Syndrome 2. Supermale Syndrome |
|
|
Trisomy 21 Extra 21 chromosome Intellectual disabilities Distinctive physical features Risk increased with age of mother |
Down Syndrome |
|
|
Analysis of amniotic fluid |
Amniocentesis |
|
|
Fetal cells extracted from chorion membrane Can be performed earlier than amniocentesis |
Chronic villus sampling (CVS) |
|
|
Scan womb with sound waves |
Ultrasound |
|
|
A Genotype is .... |
Inherited genes |
|
|
A Phenotype is ... |
Observable characteristics & behaviours |
|
|
Amount of variability in a trait that is attributed to hereditary influence |
Heritability |
|
|
Tyron's "maze bright" and "maze dull" rats is an example of what experiment type |
Selective breeding experiments |
|
|
Compare members of family who live together is an example of what experiment type. Name the two different design studies. |
Family studies 1. Twin Design 2. Adoption Design |
|
|
Percentage of pairs of people in which both members display a trait
|
Concordance Rates |
|
|
What does H stand for What is the equation to find H |
Heritability coefficient H=(r identical twins - r fraternal twins) * 2 |
|
|
Experiences unique to individual, not shared by other members of a family in same environment |
Non-Shared Environmental Influences |
|
|
Experiences common to all family members in same environment |
Shared Environmental Influences |
|
|
Genes restrict development to a small range of outcomes Babbling is highly canalized attribute |
Canalization principle |
|
|
Genes set boundaries for range of phenotypes based on environment Not as rigid as canalization |
Range-of-Reaction principle |
|
|
What is the period from conception to implantation in uterine wall |
Germinal Period |
|
|
What is the period from weeks 3 to 8 |
Period of the Embryo |
|
|
What is the period from week 9 to birth |
Period of the Fetus |
|
|
Watertight membrane that surrounds the developing embryo, serving to regulate its temperature and to cushion it against injuries |
Amnion |
|
|
A membrane that becomes attached to the uterine tissues to gather nourishment for the embryo |
Chorion |
|
|
Formed from the lining of the uterus and the chorion - respiration and nutrition for developing fetus |
Placenta |
|
|
A soft tube containing blood vessels that connects the embryo to the placenta |
Umbilical Cord |
|
|
Will become nervous system, skin, hair - partial of the spinal cord then into the nervous system, includes the brain eventually |
Ectoderm |
|
|
Will become muscles, bones, circulatory system |
Mesoderm |
|
|
Will become digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, other vital organs |
Endoderm |
|
|
In what month does the following occur Able to kick, twist, but not felt by mother Can swallow, digest, urinate Testosterone secreted by testes of males Ultrasound can detect sex 7.5 cm long; under 28g |
Third Month |
|
|
In what month does the following occur More redefined motor actions (e.g., thumb sucking) Kicking may be felt by mother Heartbeat may be felt by mother Heartbeat can be heard with stethoscope Eyebrows, eyelashes, scalp hair appear Covered in vernix & lanugo |
Second Trimester |
|
|
In what month does the following occur "finishing phase" Organ systems mature Weight gain Age of viability at 22-28 weeks Moves to head down position |
Third Trimester |
|
|
What is vernix |
White, cheesy covering to prevent chapped skin |
|
|
What is lanugo |
Fine layer of body hair |
|
|
What are three different environmental influences |
Teratogens Environmental hazards Maternal characteristics |
|
|
Agents such as viruses, drugs, chemicals, radiation that can harm developing fetus |
Teratogens |
|
|
What disease is this Most dangerous in 1st trimester Effects include blindness, deafness, cardiac abnormalities, mental retardation |
Rubella |
|
|
What disease is this Caused by a parasite acquired from undercooked meat or handling fees from cats Effects include brain damage in 1st trimester; miscarriage thereafter |
Toxoplasmosis |
|
|
What drug is this Originally marketed to relieve morning sickness Harmfully when taken early in human pregnancy Yet some showed no effect at all |
Thalidomide |
|
|
What drug is this Effects not apparent until early adulthood |
Diethylstilbestrol (DES) |
|
|
What drug causes this Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) Fetal Alcohol Effects (FAE) |
Alcohol |
|
|
What drugs are these, 1. Can lead to emotional, behaviour and academic problems 2. Increased neonatal death, born addicted, may recover 3. Premature births mean smaller babies, lower IQs |
1. Marijuana 2. Heroin 3. Cocaine - "crack" |
|
|
What are the three stages to childbirth |
Labour Delivery Afterbirth |
|
|
What test is this, 5 characteristics, rated 0, 1, 2 Heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tones, colour, reflex irritability |
APGAR test |
|
|
What test is this, More subtle measure than APGAR Administered few days after birth Measures reflexes, responsiveness to stimuli Neurological integrity Can lead to early intervention |
Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale |
|
|
What birth complication is this Oxygen deprivation High risk with breech position Risk with Rh factor mismatch Prolonged anoxia more neurologically damaging than mild ______ |
Anoxia |
|
|
What birth complication is this Born 3+ weeks before due date; appropriate for time in womb |
Preterm infants |
|
|
What birth complication is this Born close to due date, but grew slowly in womb; higher risk than preterm |
Small for date |
