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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Developmental psychology |
the branch of psychology that studies the physical, cognitive, and social changes that occur throughout the life cycle
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Maturation |
developmental changes that occur as a result of automatic, genetically determined signals
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Critical period |
a stage or point in development during which a person or animal is best suited to learn a particular skill or behavior pattern
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Infancy |
in humans, the stage of life from birth to age two
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Childhood |
the stage of life that follows infancy and spans the period from the second birthday to the beginning of adolescence
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Reflex |
an automatic, unlearned response to a sensory stimulus
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Attachment |
an active and intense emotional relationship between two people that endures over time
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Stranger anxiety |
beginning at about eight months, the fear of strangers that infants commonly display
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Separation anxiety |
beginning at about eight months, distress that is sometimes experienced by infants when they are separated from their primary caregivers
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Contact comfort |
the instinctual need to touch and be touched by something soft, such as skin or fur
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Imprinting |
the process by which animals form strong attachments during a critical period very early in life
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Authoritative |
a leadership or parenting style based on recognized authority or knowledge and characterized by mutual respect
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Authoritarian |
leadership or parenting style that stresses unquestioning obedience
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Self esteem |
the value or worth that people attach to themselves
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Unconditional positive regard |
a consistent expression of love and acceptance shown regardless of changing situations or behaviors
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Conditional positive regard |
the expression of love or esteem given only when an individual exhibits suitable behavior
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Sensorimotor stage |
according to Piaget, the stage during which infants know the world mostly in terms of their sensory impressions and motor activities
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Object permanence |
the awareness that people and objects continue to exist even when they cannot be perceived
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Preoperational stage |
in Piaget’s theory, the stage during which a child learns to use language but does not yet think logically
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Concrete operational stage |
according to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during which children acquire the ability to think logically
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Formal operational stage |
according to Piaget, the stage of cognitive development during which people begin to think logically about abstract concepts
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Pre conventional moral reasoning |
according to Kohlberg, a level of moral development in which moral judgments are based on fear of punishment or desire for pleasure |
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Conventional moral reasoning |
the level of moral development at which a person makes judgments based on conventional standards of right and wrong
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Post conventional moral reasoning |
according to Kohlberg, a level of moral development during which moral judgments are derived from a person’s own moral standards
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