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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Encoding |
Getting information into the memory system |
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Storage |
Retaining information over time |
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Retrieval |
Getting information out of memory stage |
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Automatic processing |
Unconscious process of encoding certain information without effort |
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Effortful processing |
Encoding that requires attention and conscious effort |
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Rehearsal |
The conscious repetition of information |
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Hermann Ebbinghaus |
18th century philosopher that determined that the more time you invest in rehearsing information, the more effective your memory will be |
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Over learning |
Continuing to rehearse information even after you have memorized it |
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Serial position effect |
The tendency to recall the first and last items on the list more easily |
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Primary effect |
Enhances out ability to recall items in the beginning of the list |
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Recency effect |
Enhances our ability to recall items near the end of the list |
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Spacing of rehearsal |
How often you study the material |
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Distributed learning |
Spread out secessions of learning |
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Semantic encoding |
Encoding according to meaning |
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Acoustic encoding |
Encoding with sound |
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Visual encoding |
Encoding with images |
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Rosy retrospective |
Positive images tend to stick |
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Mnemonic devices |
Memory tricks |
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Loci |
You associate the term you want to remember with a particular place |
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Peg-word system |
You associate the words you want to remember with a list of peg words you already have memorized |
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Chunking |
Organize information into meaningful units |
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Sensory information |
Brief initial encoding of sensory information in the memory system |
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Working memory |
Short term memory, contains information you are aware of before it is either stored more permanently or forgotten |
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Long term memory |
The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system |
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Flash-bulb memory |
Type of vivid long term memory that is an emotionally significant moment or event |
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Long term potentiation |
When the same sequences of neurons are used to produce a memory, the synapses become more efficient |
