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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is psychology? |
Therapy as of WW2 The study of psyche and the mind Established science as of 19th century |
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What was psychology prior to 1879? |
Had a heavy philosophical base: Aristotle and Plato Not testable, so it wasn’t a science Block of wax theory |
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What did Descartes contribute to psychology? |
Combined ideas from ancient philosophical ideas with advances in biology, math and physics “I think therefore I am” Came out with testable concepts - why do nerves respond to stimulus, etc (animal spirit?) |
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Who is the father of Psychology? |
Wilhelm Wundt, created the first psych lab in 1879 by combining physiology, philosophy, medicine and history |
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What were Wilhelm Wundt’s 2 accomplishments? |
Experimental explanations of cognitive functioning and neurological activity - consciousness, as well as non-experimental methodologies - life is more than experimental research Was a mentor for others - his students opened 100 labs worldwide Also a prolific writer |
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Who established the ASA? |
James Mark Baldwin and James Gibson Hume of the University of Toronto |
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Who opened the first Lab in North America? When? |
G. Stanley Hall, 1883 |
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What are the 2 schools of psychology? |
Structuralism - led by Edward Titchener Functionalism - led by William James |
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What is structuralism? |
Introspective studies to analyze mental processes, breakdown of perceptions into components of reality Thought experiences could be broken down into elements Vivid visual imagery - bias Psychological processes are more than the sum of its parts |
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What is functionalism? |
Streaks of consciousness, not the same water in the stream, never the same experience twice, experience is continuous Study the dynamic conscious process Less lab, more real environments studies Investigating the purpose of consciousness + physiology of the brain (mental testing, patterns, development...) |
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What is Behaviourism? |
John B Watson Behaviour is learned, not natural, affected by outside stimulus Science of observable behaviour |
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What did Sigmund Freud contribute to psychology? |
Concept of the unconscious mind, unconscious thoughts and memories from below the surface of consciousness influence are behaviour Psychoanalytic school of thought Based on slips of the tongue that reveal “true intentions” Emphasis on sexuality (was upsetting at the time) |
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How did B.F. Skinner contribute to behaviourism? |
Believed that free will is an illusion - outside forces shape you based on the consequences of previous ones Operant conditioning |
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What is Freud’s psychoanalytic theory? |
Attempts to explain personality, motivation and mental disorders by focusing on unconscious determinants of behaviour |
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What is Humanism? |
Alternative to psychoanalytic theory (too sexual and animalistic) by Abraham Maslow Humans are the masters of their own identity Emphasizes unique qualities of humans, like freedom and potential for personal growth |
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When was the CSA founded? Explain early psychology in Canada |
1939, helped by James Mark Baldwin Started at McGill and UofT 1st lab in the British Empire in 1891 in Canada Different from USA: large cultural background = depth in research |
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What is positive psychology? |
Uses theory and research to better understand the positive aspects of human existence Not abnormal psychology Positive subjective experiences |
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What are the 7 major areas of research in psychology today? |
Personality, psychometrics (developing instruments), social, cognitive, physiological, developmental, experiment |
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What are the 4 major areas of applied psychology? |
Clinical, Counselling, Educational/school, industrial organization |
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What are the 7 themes of the chapters? |
1) psychology is empirical, 2) psychology is theoretically diverse (competing theories), 3) psychology evolves in a sociohistorical context (social values), 4) behaviour is determined by multiple causes, 5) behaviour is shaped by cultural heritage, 6) behaviour is influenced jointly by heredity and environment, 7) deals with subjectivity of experiences |
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What is evolutionary psychology? |
Examines behavioural processes in terms of their adoptive value for a species over many generations - natural selection |
