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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Psychology |
The science of behavior and mental processes |
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Positive psychology |
A field of research that focuses on people’s positive experiences and characteristics, such as happiness, optimism, and resilience |
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Biological/psysiological psychology |
Analyses the biological factors influencing behavior and mental processes |
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Cognitive psychology |
Studies the mental processes underlying judgement, decision making, problem solving, imagining, and other aspects of human thought or cognition |
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Engineering psychology |
A field in which psychologists study human factors in the use of equipment and help designers create better versions of that equipment |
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Developmental psychology |
Seeks to understand, describe, and explore how behavior and mental processes change over a life time |
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Personality psychology |
Studies the characteristics that make individuals similar to or different from one another |
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Clinical/counseling psychology |
Seeks to asses, understand and change abnormal behavior |
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Community psychologists |
Psychologists who work to obtain psychological services for people in need of help and to prevent psychological disorders by working for changes in social systems |
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Health psychology |
Studies the effects of behavior and mental processes on health and illness and vice versa |
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Educational psychology |
Studies methods by which instructors teach and students learn and apply their results to improving those methods |
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Schoolpsychologists |
Psychologists who test IQ’s, diagnose student’s academic problems, and set up programs to improve student’s achievement |
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Industrial/organizational psychology |
Studies ways to improve efficiency, productivity and satisfaction among workers and the organizations that employ them |
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Qauntitative psychology |
Develops and uses statistical tools to analyze research data |
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Sport psychology |
Explores the relationships between athletic performance and such psychological variables as motivation and emotion |
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Forensic psychologists |
Psychologists who assist in jury selection, evaluate defendants’ mental competence to stand trial, and deal with other issues involving psychology and the law |
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Environmental psychology |
Studies the effects of the physical environment on behavior and mental processes |
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Neuroscience |
The scientific study of all levels of the nervous system, including neuroanatomy, neurochemistry, neurology, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology |
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Consciousness |
The awareness of external stimuli and our own mental activity |
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Structuralism |
Tichener, Wundt Goal is to study conscious experience ant its structure Methods: experiments, introspection |
Names, goal and methods |
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Gestalt psychology |
Wertheimer Goal is to describe the Organization of mental processes Method: observation of sensory-perceptual phenomena |
Name, goal and method |
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Psychoanalysis |
Freud Goal is to explain personality and behavior and to develop techniques for treating mental disorders Method: study of individual cases |
Name, goal and method |
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Functionalism |
William James Goal is to study the role of consciousness in people’s ability to make decisions, solve problems, etc. Method: naturalistic observation of animal and human behavior |
Name, goal and method |
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Introspection |
To examine one’s own mind and thoughts |
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Behaviorism |
Watson, Skinner Goal is to study only observable behavior and explain behavior through learning principles Method: observation of the relationship between environmental stimuli and behavioral responses |
Names, goal and method |
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Biological approach to psychology |
An approach in which behavior and behavioral disorders are seen as the result of physical processes, especially those relating to the brain and to hormones and other chemicals |
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Natural selection |
The evolutionary mechanism through which Darwin said the fittest individuals survive to reproduce |
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Evolutionary approach to psychology |
An approach that emphasizes the inherited, adaptive aspects of behavior and mental processes |
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Psychodynamic approach to psychology |
An approach developed by Freud that emphasizes the interplay of unconscious mental processes in determining human thoughts, feelings and behavior |
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Behavioral approach to psychology |
An approach that emphasizes that human behavior is determined mainly by what a person has learned, especially from rewards and punishments |
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Cognitive approach to psychology |
An approach that looks at human behavior in a way that emphasizes research on how the brain takes in information, creates perceptions, forms and retrieves memories, processes information, and generates integrated patterns of actions |
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Humanistics approach to psychology |
An approach that focuses on how each person has a unique capacity to choose how to think and act |
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Sociocultural factors |
Social identity and other background factors -> gender, ethnicity, social class, culture |
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Culture |
Het geheel van values, rules of behavior, forms of expression, religious beliefs, and the like for a group of people who share a language and environment |
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