Psychological Disorders

Front 1

medical model

Back 1

The medical model proposes that it is useful
to think of abnormal behavior as a disease.

Front 2

Diagnosis

Back 2

Diagnosis involves distinguishing one illness
from another.

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Etiology

Back 3

Etiology refers to the apparent causation and developmental history of an illness.

Front 4

Epidemiology

Back 4

epidemiology—the study of the distribution of mental or physical disorders in a population.

Front 5

Prevalence

Back 5

prevalence refers to the percentage of a population that exhibits a disorder during a specified time period

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prevalence of psychological disorders

Back 6

the most
common types of psychological disorders are (1) substance
(alcohol and drugs) use disorders, (2) anxiety
disorders, and (3) mood disorders.

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Anxiety

Back 7

are a class of disorders marked by feelings of excesexcessive
apprehension and anxiety

Front 8

There are four principal
types of anxiety disorders

Back 8

generalized anxiety disorder,
phobic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder,
and panic disorder.

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generalized anxiety disorder

Back 9

The generalized anxiety disorder is marked by a
chronic high level of anxiety that is not tied to any
speci c threat.

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A phobic disorder

Back 10

A phobic disorder is marked
by a persistent and irrational fear of an object or
situation that presents no realistic danger

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A panic disorder

Back 11

A A panic disorder is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur
suddenly and unexpectedly is characterized by recurrent attacks of overwhelming anxiety that usually occur
suddenly and unexpectedly

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Agoraphobia

Back 12

Agoraphobia is a fear of going out to public places

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obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

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an
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is marked by
persistent, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted
thoughts (obsessions) and urges to engage in senseless
rituals (compulsions).

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Compulsions

Back 14

Compulsions
are actions that one feels forced to carry out

Front 15

Neurotransmitters

Back 15

Neurotransmitters are chemicals that carry
signals from one neuron to another

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Dissociative

Back 16

Dissociative
disorders are a class of disorders in which
people lose contact with portions of their consciousness
or memory, resulting in disruptions in their
sense of identity.

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Dissociative amnesia

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Dissociative amnesia is a sudden loss of memory for important
personal information that is too extensive
to be due to normal forgetting.

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dissociative fugue

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people lose their memory for their sense of personal identity.

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Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

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Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the
coexistence in one person of two or more largely
complete, and usually very different, personalities

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Mood disorders

Back 20

Mood disorders are a class of disorders
marked by emotional disturbances that may spill over to disrupt physical, perceptual,social, and thought processes.

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unipolar disorders

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People
with unipolar disorders experience emotional extremes at
just one end of the mood continuum—depression

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bipolar disorders

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People
with bipolar disorders experience emotional extremes at
both ends of the mood continuum, going through periods
of both depression and mania (excitement and elation).

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Schizophrenic disorders

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Schizophrenic disorders are a class of disorders
marked by disturbances in thought that spill over to
affect perceptual, social, and emotional processes.

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paranoid schizophrenia

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paranoid schizophrenia is dominated
by delusions of persecution, along with delusions
of grandeur.

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Catatonic schizophrenia

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Catatonic schizophrenia is marked by striking motor
disturbances, ranging from muscular rigidity to
random motor activity.

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disorganized schizophrenia

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disorganized schizophrenia, a particularly severe
deterioration of adaptive behavior is seen.

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undifferentiated schizophrenia

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undifferentiated schizophrenia, which is
marked by idiosyncratic mixtures of schizophrenic
symptoms

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Eating disorders

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Eating disorders are severe disturbances in eating
behavior characterized by preoccupation with
weight and unhealthy efforts to control weight.

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Anorexia nervosa

Back 29

Anorexia nervosa involves intense fear of gaining
weight, disturbed body image, refusal to maintain
normal weight, and dangerous measures to lose
weight.

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Bulimia nervosa

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Bulimia nervosa involves habitually engaging in
out-of-control overeating followed by unhealthy
compensatory efforts, such as self-induced vomiting,
fasting, abuse of laxatives and diuretics, and
excessive exercise.

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Binge-eating disorder

Back 31

Binge-eating disorder involves distress-inducing eating
binges that are not accompanied by the purging,
fasting, and excessive exercise seen in bulimia.