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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Explain Progesterone
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Targets all cells of the body, stimulates secretion of fats and glycogen into endometrial cells (luteal phase), stimulates mammary gland development, controls fat storage by increasing storage rate, stimulates food intake, regulates blood pressure.
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Hypothalamic-Pituitary Connection
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Hypothalamus is connected via the infindibulum to the anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary
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Posterior Pituitary
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Does NOT produce any hormones. Contains terminals of axons from paraventricular and supraoptic hypothalamus
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Paraventricular Nucleus
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Produces mostly oxytocin
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Oxytocin
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Stimulates milk let-down, stimulus is suckling. Stimulates contractions of the uterus, high levels during labor. Synthetic oxytocin (Pitocin) can stimulate labor.
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Supraoptic Nucleus
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Produces antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin. Promotes retention of water by blocking water loss in urine. Also increases blood pressure.
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Hypothalamus
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Releases Releasing Hormones, transfers to median eminence, where releasing factors enter hypothalamohypophysial portal system.
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Hypothalamohypophysial Portal System
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Blood vessel system, transports RH through infindibulum to Anterior Pituitary.
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Anterior Pituitary
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Produces and releases Tropic Hormones (Because of RH from the hypothalamus)
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List the tropic hormones
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ACTH, TSH, MSH, BLPH, And Gonadotropic Hormones (FSH, LH, PRL)
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GH: FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)
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Works with LH to stimulate ovulation, stimulates follicle growth. Inhibits GnRH
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GH: LH (Luteinizing Hormone)
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Stimulates estrogen production, works with FSH to stimulate ovulation, stimulates formation of corpus luteum. Inhibits GnRH
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GH: PRL (Prolactin)
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Stimulates progesterone, stimulates milk production.
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Releasing Hormones
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Hormones released by Hypothalamus that stimulate the release of hormones from the anterior pituitary
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RH: CRH (Corticotropic RH)
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Stimulates ACTH
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RH: TRH (Throtropic Hormone RH)
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Stimulates TSH
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RH: Somatostatin
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Inhibits growth hormone
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RH: Growth Hormone RH
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Stimulates growth hormone
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RH: GnRH (Gonadotropin Hormone RH)
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Stimulates LH and FSH
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RH: Dopamine
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Inhibits prolactin
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RH: PSH (Prolactin Stimulating Hormone)
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Stimulates Prolactin
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Relationship of LH/FSH/GnRH
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GnRH stimulates LH, FSH. But LH and FSH inhibit GnRH. Inhibin inhibits FSH
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Inhibin inhibits what?
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FSH
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Relationship of Estrogen and GnRH
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VERY low and VERY high estrogen stimulates GnRH. Moderate levels inhibits GnRH.
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Relationship of Prolactin/Progesterone
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Dopamine // Prolactin. PSF ++ Prolactin. Prolactin ++ Progesterone. Progesterone // GnRH AND PSF.
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Negative Feedback
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Hormone A ++ Hormone B, Hormone B // Hormone A. EG: GnRH ++LH (LH // GnRH). LH ++ Estrogen, Moderate Estrogen // GnRH.
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Positive Feedback
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Hormone A ++ Hormone B, Hormone B ++ Hormone A. EG: GnRH ++ LH (LH // GnRH), LH ++ Estrogen, Very high estrogen ++ GnRH.
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Estrogen Levels in Monthly Cycle
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Increase on Day 1, gradually increase during preovulatory phase. Sharp increase 24 hours before ovulation. Decrease after surge, rise during postovulatory phase as corpus luteum develops. Drop off just before menses when corpus luteum dies.
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Progesterone Levels in Monthly Cycles
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Low on Day 1, low during preovulatory phase, increase during postovulatory phase with corpus luteum, drop off before menses when corpus luteum dies.
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FSH Levels in Monthly Cycle
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Rise at end of preovulatory phase, decrease in late preovulatory phase. Surge during ovulation, decrease after and stays low.
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LH Levels in Monthly cycle
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Increase on Day 1, moderate level and stay steady for rest of preovulatory phase, surge on day of ovulation, declines after, then small 'hump' at end of luteal phase.
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Adrenal Gland-Counterparts
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Adrenal Medulla, Adrenal Cortex.
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Adrenal Medulla
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Inner core of adrenal, produces adrenaline and noradrenaline in response to stress
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