Psychoanalytic Therapies

Front 1

Psychodynamic Therapies

Back 1

- Human behavior is motivated largely by unconscious processes
- Early development has a profound effect on adult funcitoning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of psychotherapy.
include adler's individual psychology, jung's analyitical psychotherapy, and the therapeutic object-relations theorists

Front 2

Freadian pscyhoanalysis

Back 2

pessimistic, dterministic, mechanistic, and reductionistic. According to freud, human beings are determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and pscyhosexual events that occurred during the first five years of life.

Front 3

The two separate, but interraleated parts of Freuds personality theory

Back 3

Structural (drive) theory - Id, Ego, and the superego.
Developmental theory emphasized the sexual drives of the id an dproposes that an indiviudal's personality is formed during childhood as the result of certain experiences that occur during five predtermined psychosexual stages of development.

Front 4

Id
Ego
Superego

Back 4

Id - operates on the basis of the pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instictual drives nad needs in ordder to avoid tension
Ego - operates on teh basis the othe reality principle - defers gratification of the id.
Superego- emerges when a child is between four and five and represents an internalization of society's values and standards as conveyed to the child by parents - permentaly block id.

Front 5

Freuds developmental theory

Back 5

libido - sexual energy- focused on a differnt part of the body - oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital.

Front 6

Essential component of freud's personalty theory

Back 6

Anxiety - unpleasent feeling linked with excitment of the autonomic nervious system and proposed that its funciton is to alert the ego to impending internal or external ththreats.

Front 7

Defense Mechanism.

Back 7

Operate on an unconscious level and they seve to deny or distort reality.
Can be sonsidered adaptive but they can lead to dysfuncitonal behavior if egoss havitual way of dealing with danger

Front 8

Repression

Back 8

most basic defense mechanism. underlies all other efense mechanisms and occurs when the ids drives and needs are excluded from conscious awareness

Front 9

Reaction Formation

Back 9

avoiding an anxieyt-evoking instinct by expressing its opposite

Front 10

Freudians view of maladaptive behavior

Back 10

pscyhopathology stems from unconscious, unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood.

Front 11

Freudian therapy goals and techniquess

Back 11

to reduce or eliminate pathological symptoms by bringing the unconscious into conscious awarness and integrating previously repressed material into the personality. Analysis the the primpry technique - Free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences. all behavior is meaningful

Front 12

Confrontation - Freudian

Back 12

making statments that help the client see his or her behavior in a new way

Front 13

Clarification - Freudian

Back 13

involves restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer terms

Front 14

Interpretation - Freudian

Back 14

are less liekly to elicit anxiety and resistance and are more effective when address moteives and conflicts clos to a clients consciousness than when they relate to material buried deep in unconscious

Front 15

Catharsis

Back 15

is teh emtional release resulting from the recall of unconscios material

Front 16

Working through - freudian

Back 16

the final and longest stage in pscyanalysis, allows the client to gradually assimilate new insights into his or her personality

Front 17

Current Status of Freudian

Back 17

Replace Freud's emphasis on interpretatin and insight with an emphasis on the therapist- patient relatioship. Transferrance and countertransferance is not just distorted respos to patient/therapist - important contributor

Front 18

Adler's Individual Psycholgy disagreed with Freud on...

Back 18

the role of unconscious instinctual (especially sexual) forces in the development of personality and his lack of attention to social factors.
Focused more on behavior motivated by a person's future goals rather than determined by past events.

Front 19

Adler's Personality Theory

Back 19

Inferiorty feelings, striving for superiority, style of life, and social interest

Front 20

Inferiority feelings - Adler

Back 20

DDevelop during childhood as the result of real or percieved biological, psychological, or social weaknesses.

Front 21

Style of Life - Adler

Back 21

The specific ways a person chooses to compensate for inferiority and to achieve superiority determine his or her style of life, which unifies the various aspects of the personality.

Front 22

Social Interest - Adler

Back 22

distinguished between a healthy and unhealthy (mistaken) style of life, and he proposed that social interst is the primary charateristeic that differentiaties the two.
Healthy - marked by goals that reflect optimism and confidence and entail refelcting
self-centeredness goals reflecting competitivemness, and striving for personal power.

Front 23

Adler's veiw of Maladaptive Behavior

Back 23

mental disorder srepresent a mistaken style of life, which is characterized by maladaptive attempts to compensate for feelings of inferiority, a preocupation with achieving personal power, and a lack of social interest.

Front 24

Adler - therapy goals and techniques

Back 24

establishing a colaaborative relationship with the client, helping the client identify and understand his style of life and its consequences, and reorienting the client's beliefs and goals so that they support a more adaptive lifestyle.
Lifestyle Investigation - to identify the nature of a client's style of life - which lyields infomraiton about the client's family constellation, fiction goals, and basic mistakes (distored beliefs and attitudes)

Front 25

Adler Application

Back 25

To individual therapy and group therapy, family and marital counseling, parent educaiotn, and teacher-student relationshiops.

Front 26

Systematic Training for Effective Teaching

Back 26

Based on Adlers approach and asumes that all behavior is goal-directed and purposeful. Attention, power, revenge, or to display defiency.

Front 27

Carol Jung

Back 27

Adopted a borader view of personality development than freud and defined libido as general psychic energy. Behavior determined by past and future goals

Front 28

Jungs Personality Theory
Analytical psychotherapy
Concious and Unconsious what they are directed by

Back 28

Personltiy is the consequence of both conscious and unconscious factors. The conscious is oriented toward the external world, is governed by the ego and represents the indiviudals thoughts, ideas , feelings , sensory persoptions, and memories.
Unconscious contains expereinces that were onces conscious but are now repressed or forgotten or were unconsciously percieved.

Front 29

Collective unconscious - Jung

Back 29

repository or latent memory traces that have been passed down from one generation to the next.

Front 30

Archetypes - Jung

Back 30

importance to personlaity development include the self, represents a striving for unity of the different parts of personality

Front 31

Jung's different parts of personality

Back 31

the persona - public mask
Shadow- dark side of personality
The anima and animus - famimine and masculine aspects of he personality

Front 32

Personality Two Attitudes - Jung and four psychological functions

Back 32

Extraversion and Introversion
thinking, feeling, sensing, and intuiting

Front 33

Jung's view of development

Back 33

as continuing throuout the lifespan and was most interested in growth after the mid 30s.

Front 34

Individuation - Jung

Back 34

integration of the conscious and unconscious aspects of one's pscyche, leading to the development of a unique identity - wisdom develops and occus in the later years when one intersts turn toward spiritual and philosophical issues

Front 35

Maladaptive Behavior - Jung

Back 35

symptoms are "unconscios messages to the individual that something is awry with him and that present him with a task that demands to be fulfilled

Front 36

Therapy Goals and Tech - Jung

Back 36

rebridge the gap between the conscious and the personal and collective unconscious.
Jungians rely primarily on terpretations that are designed to help a client become aware of his or her inner world. Particularly intersted in dreams and the interpretation of dreams.
positive view of human nature and emphazies the health aspects of he clients personaltiy.
Focus on her and now and past info only when help the client understand present

Front 37

Transference - Jung

Back 37

prjections of the personal and collective unconscious - crucial part of therapy.

Front 38

Object Relations Theorists

Back 38

Relationship with others as a basic inborn drive, and they emphasize a child's early relationships with objects, especially the child's internalized repreasentations of objects and object relations.

Front 39

Introjects - Object Relations

Back 39

internalized representations of a child

Front 40

Personality Theory - Object Relations
Mahler

Back 40

Mahler focuses ont he process by which an infant assumes his or her own physical and psychological identity. Development entails several phases.
1- normal autism
2 - 3 Normal symbiosis - infant fusd with his or her mother an does not differentiate between I and NOT - I.

Front 41

Seperation-Individuaation - Object Relations

Back 41

The actual development of object relations occurs here. Which begins at about four months of age and is composed of serveral substabes.

Front 42

Substates of Seperation-Individuation - Object Relations

Back 42

1- child takes steps toward seperation through sensory exploration of he environment
2- period of conflict between independence and dependence - separation anxiety.
3 - child developes permanent sense of self and object percieve othes as separte and related by 3 years old.

Front 43

Object Constancy - Object Relations

Back 43

development of the personal sense of object.

Front 44

View of Maladaptive Behavior -Object RElations

Back 44

the result of abnormalities in early object relations. Mahler traces adult psychopathology to problems that occurred during separatino-individuation.
Represations of the self andothers into "good" and "bad" - inadequae splitting cause of maladaptive behavior.

Front 45

Therapy Goals and Tech. - Object Relations

Back 45

pscyhotherapy as an opportunity to provide the client with support, acceptance, and other conditions that restore the cleints' ability to relate to others in meaningful ways.

Front 46

Teleological - Adler

Back 46

views behavior as being motivated largely by future goals.

Front 47

Personal Unconscious - Adler

Back 47

contains material that was once conscious but is now repressed or forgotten

Front 48

Collective Unconscious - Adler

Back 48

memories that have benn passed down from one generation to the next.

Front 49

Splitting - Kernberg - Object Relation

Back 49

Splitting objects and object relations into good and bad components.