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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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concrete operational thought
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Piaget's term for the ability to reason logically about direct experiences and perceptions
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classification
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The logical principle that things can be organized into groups according to some characteristic they have in common
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transitive inference
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The ability to figure out the unspoken link between one fact and another
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sensory memory
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The component of the information-processing system in which incoming stimulus information is stored for a split second to allow it to be processed
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working memory
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The component of the information-processing system in which current conscious mental activity occurs
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long-term memory
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The component of the information-processing system in which virtually limitless amounts of information can be stored indefinitely
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knowledge base
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A body of knowledge in a particular area that makes it easier to master new information in that area
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control processes
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Mechanisms (inc. selective attention, metacognition, emotional regulation) that combine memory, processing speed, and knowledge to regulate the analysis and flow of information within the information-processing system
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metacognition
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"thinking about thinking"
the ability to evaluate a cognitive task in order to determine how best to accomplish it, and then to monitor and adjust one's performance on that task |
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pragmatics
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The practical use of language that includes the ability to adjust language communication according to audience and context
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hidden curriculum
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The unofficial, unstated, or implicit rules and priorities that influence the academic curriculum and every other aspect of learning in school
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immersion
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A strategy in which instruction in all school subjects occurs in the second language that a child is learning
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bilingual schooling
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A strategy in which school subjects are taught in both the learner's original language and the second language
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ESL
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An approach to teaching English in which all children who do not speak English are placed together in an intensive course to learn basic English so that they can be educated in the same classroom as native English speakers
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PIRLS
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Inaugurated in 2001, a planned five-year cycle of international trend studies in the reading ability of fourth-graders
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TIMSS
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An international assessment of the math and science skills of fourth- and eight-graders. Very useful, but hard to compare across countries because lack of consistency
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No Child Left Behind Act
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A US law enacted in 2001 that was intended to increase accountability in education by requiring states to qualify for federal education funding by administering standardized tests to measure school achievement
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National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)
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An ongoing and nationally representative measure of US children's achievement in reading, math, and other subjects over time
Nicknamed "the Nation's Report Card" |
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phonics approach
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Teaching reading by first teaching the sounds of each letter and of various letter combinations
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whole-language approach
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Teaching reading by encouraging early use of all language skills - talking, listening, reading, and writing
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charter school
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A public school with its own set of standards that is funded ad licensed by the state or local district in which it is located
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voucher
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Permission for a parent to choose the school for the child, with some or all of the cost of that child's education borne by the local government. Parents often can choose a public or private school, although the specifics vary a great deal from one jurisdiction to another
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moral reasoning
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thinking processes involved in judgments about questions of right and wrong
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Punishment and Obedience Orientation
"Might makes right" |
Kohlberg
Level 1, Stage 1 |
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Personal Reward Orientation
"Look out for #1" |
Kohlberg
Level 1, Stage 2 |
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"Good Girl" and "Nice Boy"
Good behavior is what wins praise |
Kohlberg
Level 2, Stage 3 |
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"Law and Order"
Right is obeying the law |
Kohlberg
Level 2, Stage 4 |
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Social Contract Orientation
Purpose of law is protecting human rights, unjust laws should be changed |
Kohlberg
Level 3, Stage 5 |
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Universal Ethical Principle Orientation
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Kohlberg
Level 3, Stage 6 |
