Psych Vocab Chapter 7

Front 1

Biological Rhythms

Back 1

Periodic Physiological fluctuations

Front 2

Circadian rhythm

Back 2

The biological clock; regular body rhythems that occur on a 24-hour cycle.

Front 3

REM sleep

Back 3

A recurring sleep stage druing which vivid dreams commonly occur. The muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active.

Front 4

Alpha Waves

Back 4

The relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state.

Front 5

Sleep

Back 5

Periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness--as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation.

Front 6

Hallucinations

Back 6

False sensory experiences such as seeing something in the absence of an external visual stimulus.

Front 7

Delta Waves

Back 7

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep.

Front 8

Insomnia

Back 8

Recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

Front 9

Narcolepsy

Back 9

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may laps edirectly into REM sleep, oftenat inopportune times.

Front 10

Sleep apnea

Back 10

A sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings.

Front 11

Night terrors

Back 11

A sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, night terrors occur during stage 4 sleep, withing two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered.

Front 12

Dream

Back 12

A sequence of images, emotions and thoughst passing through a sleeping person's mind. Dreams are notable for their ahllucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.

Front 13

Manifest content

Back 13

According to Freued, the remembered story line of a dream

Front 14

Latent content

Back 14

According to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream. Freud believed taht a dream's latent content functions as a safety valve.

Front 15

Freud's wish-fulfillment

Back 15

Dream theory: Dreams provide a "psychic safety valve"--expressing other-wise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) contenta nd a ddeeper layer of latent content--a hidden meaning.

Front 16

Information processing

Back 16

Dream theory: Dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories.

Front 17

Psysiological function

Back 17

Dream theory: REgular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways.

Front 18

Activation synthesis

Back 18

Dream theory: REM sleep triggers neural activity that envokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories.

Front 19

Cognitive theory

Back 19

Dream content relfects dreamers' cognitive development--their knowledge and understanding.

Front 20

Hypnosis

Back 20

A social interaction in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur.

Front 21

Posthypnotic suggestion

Back 21

A suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors.

Front 22

Dissociation

Back 22

A split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others.

Front 23

Psychoactive drug

Back 23

A chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood.

Front 24

Tolerance

Back 24

The diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of adrug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses befroe experiencing the drug's effect.

Front 25

Withdrawal

Back 25

The discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug.

Front 26

Phsyical dependence

Back 26

A physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued.

Front 27

Psychological dependence

Back 27

A psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

Front 28

Addiction

Back 28

Compulsive drug craving and use.

Front 29

Depressants

Back 29

Drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions.

Front 30

Barbiturates

Back 30

Drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing the memory and judgement.

Front 31

Opiates

Back 31

They depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

Front 32

Stimulants

Back 32

Drugs that excite neural activty and speed up body functions.

Front 33

Amphetamines

Back 33

Drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes.

Front 34

Methamphetamine

Back 34

A powerfully addictive drug that stimulates teh central nervous system, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels.

Front 35

Ecstasy

Back 35

A synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen. Produces euphoria and social intimacy, but with short-term health risks and longer-term harm to serotonin-producing neurons and to mood and cognition.

Front 36

Hallucinogens

Back 36

Psychedelic drugs that disotrt perceptions and envoke sensory images in the absense of sensory input

Front 37

LSD

Back 37

A powerful hallucinogenic drug, also known as acid

Front 38

THC

Back 38

The major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects, including mild hallucinations.

Front 39

Near death experience

Back 39

An altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations.

Front 40

Dualism

Back 40

The presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact.

Front 41

Monism

Back 41

The presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing.