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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a need or desire that energiezes and directs behavior
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Motivation
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a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is not learned.
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Instinct
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the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused state that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
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Drive-Reduction Theory
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a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state
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Homeostasis
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a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior.
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Incentives
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Maslow's pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must be first satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active.
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Hierarchy of Needs
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the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues.
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Glucose
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the point at which an individuals "weight thermometer" is supposedly set.
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Set Point
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the body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
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Basal Metabolic Rate
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an eating disorder in which a person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve.
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Anorexia Nervosa
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an eating disorder characterized by overeating by episodes of overeating usually high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, taxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise.
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Bulimia Nervosa
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significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt , but without the compensatory purging, fasting, or excessive exercise that makes bulimia nervosa.
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Binge-Eating Disorder
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the four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson-- excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
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Sexual Response Cycle
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a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannon achieve another orgasm.
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Refractory Period
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sex hormones, secreted in greater amount by females than males and contributing to female sex characteristics
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Estrogens
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the most important of the male sex hormones.
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Testosterone
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an enduring sexual attraction towards members of a either one's own or the other sex.
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Sexual Orientation
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a response of the whole organism, involving (1) physiological arousal, (2) expressive behaviors and (3) conscious experience.
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Emotion
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the theory that our experience of emotion is our awareness of our physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli.
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James-Lange Theory
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the theory that an emotion-arousing stimulus simultaneously triggers physiological responses and the subjective experience of emotion.
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Cannon-Bard Theory
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the Schachter-Singer theory that to experience emotion one must be physically aroused and cognitively label the arousal.
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Two Factor Theory
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emotional release
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Catharsis
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a machine, commonly used in attempts to detect lies, that measure several of the physiological responses accompanying emotion.
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Polygraph
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people's tendency to be helpful when already in a good mood.
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Feel Good Do Good Phenomenon
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self-perceived happiness or satisfaction with life.
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Well-Being
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the effect of facial expressions on experienced emotions, as when a facial expression of anger or happiness intensifies feelings of anger or happiness.
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Facial Feedback
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our tendency to form judgements relative to a neutral level defined by our previous experience
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Adaptation Level Phenomenon
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the perception that we are worse off relative to those with whom we compare ourselves.
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Relative Deprivation
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an interdisciplinary field that integrates behavior and medical knowledge and applies that knowledge to health and disease.
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Behavioral Medicine
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a subfield of psychology that provides psychology's contribution to behavioral medicine
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Health Psychology
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the process by which we perceive and respond to certain events, that we appraise as threatening or challenging.
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Stress
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Selye's concept of the body's adaptive response to stress in three phases-- alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
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General Adaptation Syndrome
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the clogging of the vessels that nourish the heart muscle; the leading cause of death in North America.
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Coronary Heart Disease
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Friedman and Rosenman's term for competitive, hard-driving, impatient, verbally aggressive, and anger-prone people.
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Type A
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Friedman and Rosenman's term for easygoing, relaxed people.
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Type B
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literally, "mind-body" illness; any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches.
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Psychophysiological Illness
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the study of how psychological, neural, and endocrine processes together affect the immune system and resulting health.
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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI)
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the two types of white blood cells that are part of the body's immune system.
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Lymphocytes
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