Psych Vocab

Front 1

A series of stages described by Piaget trough which individuals progress, demonstrating at each successive stage a higher level of logical organization than at each previous stage.

Back 1

Cognitive Development

Front 2

The capability to perform all mental operations needed for adulthood.

Back 2

Cognitive Maturity

Front 3

One who listens as the client reviews feelings related to difficulties he or she is experiencing in any aspet of life; one of the nursing roles identified by H. Peplau.

Back 3

Counselor

Front 4

One of the three elements of the personality identified by Freud as the rational self or "reality principle." The ego seeks to maintain harmony between the external world, the id, and the superego.

Back 4

ego

Front 5

One of the three compnents of the personality identified by Freud as the "Pleasure Principle". The id is the locus of instrinctual drives; is present at birth; and compels the infant to satisfy needs and seek immediate gratification.

Back 5

id

Front 6

Freud's term for psychic energy used to fulfill basic physiological needs instinctual drives such as hunger, thrist, and sexuality.

Back 6

libido

Front 7

Being able to understand one's own behavior, to help others identify felt difficulties, and to apply principles of human relations to the problems that arise at all levels of experiences.

Back 7

psychodynamic nursing

Front 8

One of the three elements of the personality identified by Frued that represents the conscience and the culturally determined restrictions that are placed on an individual.

Back 8

superego

Front 9

One who serves as a substitute figure for another.

Back 9

surrogate

Front 10

commonly describes close and often long-term interactions between different biological species.

Back 10

symbiosis

Front 11

Peplau's term for one who understand various devices professional devices and possesses the clinical skills necessary to perform the interventions that are in the best interests of the client.

Back 11

Technical Expert

Front 12

A set of inborn personality characteristics that influence an individual's manner of reacting to the enviroment, and ultimately influences his or her developmental progression.

Back 12

Temperament

Front 13

Peplau's term for one who understand various devices professional devices and possesses the clinical skills necessary to perform the interventions that are in the best interests of the client.

Back 13

Technical Expert

Front 14

A set of inborn personality characteristics that influence an individual's manner of reacting to the enviroment, and ultimately influences his or her developmental progression.

Back 14

Temperament

Front 15

A subjective state of emotional, physical, and social responses to an anticipated loss of a valued entity.

Back 15

Anticipatory Grieving

Front 16

An accumulation of grief that occurs when an individual experiences many loses over a short period of time and is unable to resolve one before another is experienced.

Back 16

Bereavement overload

Front 17

psychological strategies brought into play by various entities to cope with reality and to maintain self-image.

Back 17

defense mechanism

Front 18

Covering up a real or perceived weakness by emphasizing a trait one considers more desirable.

Back 18

Compensation

Front 19

refusal to acknowledge the existence of a real situation and/or feelings associated with it.

Back 19

denial

Front 20

feelings are transferred from one target to another that is considered less threatening or neutral.

Back 20

displacement

Front 21

An attempt to increase self-worth by acquiring certain attributes and characteristics of an individual one admires.

Back 21

identification

Front 22

An attempt to avoid expressing actual emotions associated with a stressful situation by using the intellectual processes of logic, reasoning, and analysis.

Back 22

intellectualization

Front 23

The beliefs and values of another inividual are internalized and symbolically become a part of the self, to the extent that the feeling of seperateness or distinctness is lost.

Back 23

introjection

Front 24

the seperation of a thought or a memory from the feeling tone or emotions associated with it.

Back 24

isolation

Front 25

Attributing to another persons feelings or impulses unacceptable to oneself.

Back 25

Projection

Front 26

attempting to make excuses or formulate logical reasons to justify unacceptable feelings or behaviors.

Back 26

rationalization

Front 27

preventing unacceptable or undesirable thoughts or behaviors frm being expressed by exaggerating opposite thoughts or types of behaviors.

Back 27

reaction formation

Front 28

a retreat to an earlier level of development and the comfort measures associated with that level of functioning.

Back 28

regression

Front 29

the involuntary blocking of unpleasent feelings and experiences from one's awareness.

Back 29

repression

Front 30

the rechanneling of personally and/or socially unacceptable drives or impulses into activities that are more tolerable and constuctive

Back 30

sublimation

Front 31

the voluntary blocking from one's awareness of unpleasent feelings and experiences.

Back 31

suppression

Front 32

a mechanism used to symbolically negate or cancel out a previous action or experience that one finds intolerable.

Back 32

undoing

Front 33

the four body fluids described by Hippocrates blood, black bile, yellow bile, and phlegm. Hippocrates associated insanity with mental illness with these four fluids.

Back 33

humors

Front 34

the successful adaption to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are age-appropriate and congruent with local and cultural norms.

Back 34

mental health

Front 35

maladaptive responses to stressors from the internal or external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent with the local and cultural norms, and interefere with the individuals social, occupational, and or physical functioning.

Back 35

Mental illness

Front 36

a term that refers to any mental imbalance that causes distress, but, unlike a psychosis or some personality disorders, does not prevent or affect rational thought. It is particularly associated with the field of psychoanalysis

Back 36

neurosis

Front 37

means abnormal condition of the mind, and is a generic psychiatric term for a mental state often described as involving a "loss of contact with reality".

Back 37

psychosis

Front 38

the term given during the Middle Ages to sailing boats filled with severley mentally ill people that were sent out to sea with little guidance and in search of their lost rationality.

Back 38

ship of fools

Front 39

the inability of the general population to understand the motivation behind the behavior.

Back 39

Incomprehensibility

Front 40

the "normality" of behavior is determined by the culture.

Back 40

Culture relativity

Front 41

A Diffuse apprehension that is vaque in nature and is associated with feelings of uncertainty and helplessness.

Back 41

Anxiety

Front 42

Thought processes that are focused on specifics rather than on generalities and immediate issues rather than eventual outcomes.

Back 42

Concrete Thinking

Front 43

The right of an individual to the assurance that his or her case will not be discussed outside the boundaries of the healthcare team.

Back 43

Confidentiality

Front 44

a condition where the therapist, as a result of the therapy sessions, begins to transfer the therapist's own unconscious feelings to the patient.

Back 44

Countertransference

Front 45

The ability to see beyond outward behavior, and sense accuartely another's inner experiencing.

Back 45

Empathy

Front 46

The ability to be open, honest, and "real" in interactions with others; the awareness of what one is experiencing internally and the ability to project the quality of this inner experiencing in a relationship.

Back 46

Genuineness

Front 47

The development between two people in a relationship of special feelings based on mutual acceptance, warmth, friendliness, common interest,a sense of trust, and a nonjudgemental attitude.

Back 47

Rapport

Front 48

The actual sharing of another's thought and behaviors.

Back 48

Sympathy

Front 49

a phenomenon in psychoanalysis characterized by unconscious redirection of feelings for one person to another.

Back 49

Transference

Front 50

Carl Rogers' term for the respect a dignityof an individual regardless of his or her unacceptable behavior.

Back 50

Unconditional positive regard

Front 51

The gestural component of the spoken word. It consists of pitch, tone, and loudness of spoken messages, the rate of speaking, expressively placed pauses, and emphasis assigned to certain words

Back 51

Paralanquage

Front 52

An act that results in a person's genuine fear and apprehension that he or she will be touched without consent.

Back 52

Assault

Front 53

Independence; self-governance. An ethical principle that emphasizes the status of persons as autonomous moral agents whose right to determine their destinies should always be respected.

Back 53

Autonomy

Front 54

The uncontested touching of another person.

Back 54

Battery

Front 55

An ethical principle that refers to one's duty to benefit or promote the good of others.

Back 55

Beneficence

Front 56

The ethical philosophy that states one should treat others as moral equals, and recognize the equality of other persons by permitting them to act as we do when they occupy a position simular to ours; sometimes referred to as "the ethic of the golden rule."

Back 56

Christian Ethics

Front 57

Law that protects the private and property rights of individuals and businesses.

Back 57

Civil Law

Front 58

Laws that are derived from decisions made in previous cases.

Back 58

Common Law

Front 59

Law that provides protectin from conduct deemed injurious to public welfare.

Back 59

Criminal Law

Front 60

Sharing with others information about a person that is detrimental to his or her reputation.

Back 60

Defamation of Character

Front 61

A situation that arises whenon the basis of moral considerations an appeal can be ade for taking each of two opposing courses of action.

Back 61

Ethicial Dilemma

Front 62

An ethical theory espousing that what is "right" and "good" is what is best for the individual making the decision.

Back 62

Ethical egoism

Front 63

The deliberate and unauthorized confinement of a person within fixed limits by the use of threat or force

Back 63

False imprisonment

Front 64

Permission granted to a physician by a client to perform a therapeutic procedure, prior to which information about the procedure has been presented to the client with adequate time given for considerations about the pros and cons.

Back 64

informed consent

Front 65

An ethical principle reflecting that all individuals should be treated equally and fairly.

Back 65

justice

Front 66

The ethical principle espousing that decisions should be made and actions taken out of a sense of duty.

Back 66

Kantianism

Front 67

An action with which an individual may be charged for sharing with another individual, in writing, information that is detrimental to someone's reputation.

Back 67

Libel

Front 68

The failure of one rndering professional services to exercise that degree of skill and learning commonly applie under all the circumstances in the community by the average prudent reputable member of the profession with the result of injury, loss, or damage to the recipient of those services or to those entitled to rely upon them.

Back 68

Malpractice

Front 69

The ethical theory that has its moral precept to "do good and avoid evil" at all costs.

Back 69

Natural law

Front 70

The failure to do something which a reasonable person, guided ny those considerations which ordinarily regulate human affairs, would do, or doing something which a prudent and reasonable person would not do.

Back 70

negligence

Front 71

The ethical principle that espouses abstaining from negative acts towards another, including acting carefully to avoid home.

Back 71

nonmaleficence

Front 72

A doctrine common to most states that grants certain privileges under which they may refuse to reveal information about and communications with cients.

Back 72

Privileged Communicaion

Front 73

An action with which an individual may be charged for orally sharing information that is detrimental to a person's reputatin.

Back 73

Slander

Front 74

A law that has been enacted by legislative bodies, such as a county or city council, state legislature, or the U.S. Congress.

Back 74

Statutory Law

Front 75

The violation of a civil law in which an individual has been wronged.

Back 75

Tort

Front 76

The ethical theory that espouses "the greatest happiness for the greatest number."

Back 76

Utilitarianism

Front 77

an ethical principle that refers to one's duty to be truthful always.

Back 77

Veracity