Psych Vocab

Front 1

shaping

Back 1

procedure in which reinforcers guide behavior toward closer and closer approximateion of a desired goal

Front 2

reinforcer

Back 2

in operant conditioning and event that stregnthens the behavior it follows

Front 3

primary reinforcer

Back 3

an innately reinforcing stimulus

Front 4

conditioned reinforcer

Back 4

a stimulus that gains its reingforcing power through its association with a primary reinforcer

Front 5

continous reinforcement

Back 5

reinforcing the desired repsonse every time it occurs

Front 6

partial reinforcement

Back 6

reinforcing a response only part of the time

Front 7

fixed ratio-schedule

Back 7

a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after a specified number of responses

Front 8

variable-ratio schedule

Back 8

a schedule of reinforcemtn that reinforces a respsone after an unpredictable number of respsonses

Front 9

fixed-interval schedule

Back 9

a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response only after specified time has elapsed

Front 10

variable-interval schedule

Back 10

a schedule of reinforcement that reinforces a response at unpredictable time intervals

Front 11

punishment

Back 11

an event that decreases the behavior that it follows

Front 12

cognitive map

Back 12

a mental representation of the layout of one's environment

Front 13

latent learning

Back 13

learning that occurs but is not apparent until there is an incentie to demonstrate it

Front 14

overjustification effect

Back 14

the effect of promising a reward for doing what one already likes to do

Front 15

observational learning

Back 15

learning by observing others

Front 16

modeling

Back 16

the process of observing and imitating a specific behavior

Front 17

prosocial behavior

Back 17

positive, constructive, helpful behavior.

Front 18

learning

Back 18

a relatively permanent change in an organism's behavior due to experience

Front 19

associative learning

Back 19

learning that certain events occur together

Front 20

behaviorism

Back 20

the view that psychology should be an ovjective science and studies begavior w/o reference to mental processes

Front 21

classical conditioning

Back 21

a type of learning in which an organism comes to associate stimuli

Front 22

unconditional respsonse

Back 22

the unlearned naturally occuring response to the unconditioned stimulus

Front 23

unconditioned stimulus

Back 23

a stimulus that unconditionally- naturally and automatically triggers a response

Front 24

conditioned stimulus

Back 24

an originally irrelevant stimulus that, afters association with an unconditioned stimulus, comes to trigger a conditioned response

Front 25

acquisition

Back 25

the initial stage in classical conditioning

Front 26

extinction

Back 26

the diminishing of a conditioned response

Front 27

sponteous recovery

Back 27

the reappearance, after a rest period, of an extinguished conditioned response

Front 28

generalization

Back 28

the tendency, once a presponse has been conditioned for stimuli similar to the conditioned stimulus to elicit similar responses

Front 29

discrimination

Back 29

the learned ability to distinguis between a conditioned stimulus and other stimuli that do not signal an unconditioned stimulus

Front 30

operant conditioning

Back 30

a type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by reinforcement or diminished if followed by punishment

Front 31

respondent behavior

Back 31

behavior that occurs as an automatic response to same stimulus

Front 32

operant behavior

Back 32

behavior that operates on the environment, producing consequences

Front 33

law of effect

Back 33

thorndike's principle that behaviors more likely, and that behaviors followed by unfavorable consequences become less likely

Front 34

operant chamber

Back 34

a chamber containing a bar or key that an animal can manipulate to obtain a food or water reinforcer with devices to record the animal's rate of bar pressing or key pecking