Psych Test2

Front 1

operant conditioning means?

Back 1

learning to engage in behavior because it is reinforced

Front 2

reinforcer is ?

Back 2

a consequence that increases the probability that response preceding it to be repeated.

Front 3

positive reinforcer is?

Back 3

increases probability will occur when its added

Front 4

negative reinforcer is ?

Back 4

increases probability will occur when its removed

Front 5

reinforcers are most or least effective?

Back 5

reinforcers are most effective in the long run.

Front 6

punishments (do what)?

Back 6

decrease the frequency of the behavior they follow.

Front 7

why is primary reinforcer effective?

Back 7

they are effective because they of the biological/psychological makeup of an organsim

Front 8

examples of primary reinforcer?

Back 8

food, water, warmth

Front 9

example of a negative primary reinforcer?

Back 9

pain

Front 10

secondary reinforcer?

Back 10

acquire value through association with established reinforcers

Front 11

example of secondary reinforcer?

Back 11

money

Front 12

a reward is?

Back 12

pleasant thing that increase the frequency of the behavior it follows

Front 13

extinction?

Back 13

learned responses are extinguished after performance without reinforcement

Front 14

spontanteous recovery?

Back 14

occurs as a function of time

Front 15

continuous reinforcement?

Back 15

everytime behavior is presented, the reinforcer is presented

Front 16

partial reinforcement?

Back 16

when behavior is presented, the reinforcer may randomly be presented

Front 17

fixed interval schedule?

Back 17

fixed amount of time between previous and next reinforcement is available

Front 18

variable interval schedule?

Back 18

random amount of time between previous and next reinforcement is available

Front 19

fixed ratio schedule?

Back 19

fixed amount of responses between previous and next reinforcement is available

Front 20

variable ratio schedule?

Back 20

random amount of responses between previous and next reinforcement is available

Front 21

example of fixed interval schedule?

Back 21

test every friday, payday every other week.

Front 22

example of variable interval schedule?

Back 22

random drug tests

Front 23

example of fixed ratio schedule?

Back 23

press button 3 times to get reward

Front 24

example of variable ratio schedule?

Back 24

lottery wins

Front 25

shaping?

Back 25

reinforces progressive steps toward behavioral goal

Front 26

successive approximations?

Back 26

the steps in shaping

Front 27

observational learning (Bandura) is when?

Back 27

you learn by watching others; also when you engage in response

Front 28

latent learning?

Back 28

hidden learning that doesn't show up until later

Front 29

psychoanalytic theories?

Back 29

Freud emphasizes pyon the importance of the unconscious motives that determine behavior

Front 30

psychosexual development is...?

Back 30

based on sex and agression, divided into 5 periods

Front 31

oral stage?

Back 31

1st yr; sexual gratification satisfied by oral activities

Front 32

anal stage?

Back 32

2nd yr; gratification satisfied through the contraction/relaxation of muscles that control/eliminate waste products

Front 33

phallic stage?

Back 33

3rd yr; erogenous zones (penis, clit); children are drawn to the opposite sex parent

Front 34

oedipus complex?

Back 34

child wants to have the opposite sex partner sexually and in competition with same sex parent

Front 35

latency stage?

Back 35

4th yr; sexual impulses are covered up

Front 36

incest taboo?

Back 36

makes them repress the sexual urges and displace them onto adults or kids of the opposite sex

Front 37

gential stage?

Back 37

5th yr (puberty); expression of sexual drives through intercourse or impulses.

Front 38

Alfred Adler?

Back 38

believed Freud put too much emphasis on sex

Front 39

inferiority complex?

Back 39

serves as the central motivating force

Front 40

creative self?

Back 40

self aware aspect of personality that strives to achieve to full potential

Front 41

id?

Back 41

physiological drives; fully unconscious

Front 42

ego?

Back 42

self awareness, planning and delaying gratification

Front 43

superego?

Back 43

morals

Front 44

ego defense mechanism?

Back 44

protecting yourself from the latent drives

Front 45

Karen Horney?

Back 45

disagreed with the way Freud portrayed women and his emphasis on sen and anger

Front 46

thanatos?

Back 46

drives toward aggressive drives

Front 47

Carl Jung?

Back 47

believed Freud focused too much on sex and aggression instead of on spirituality; studied all over to make it universal

Front 48

analytical psychology composed of two aspects?

Back 48

collective unconscious and archetypes

Front 49

collective unconscious?

Back 49

represents what we share with all of humankind; (our soul)

Front 50

archetypes?

Back 50

universal symbols/images that we all know unconsciously

Front 51

types of archetypes?

Back 51

anima/us, wise one, shadow, hero(ine), clown or fool

Front 52

anima/animus

Back 52

unconscious feminine psychological qualities that a male possesses and vice versa

Front 53

wise one

Back 53

symbolic personification of the Self (mentor)

Front 54

shadow

Back 54

opposite of what the hero is

Front 55

hero(ine)

Back 55

protagonist on a journey

Front 56

clown/fool

Back 56

causes laughter, eases tension

Front 57

animus is?

Back 57

proactive; more structured; ex: sperm (finds egg)

Front 58

anima is?

Back 58

receptive; life giving; ex: egg (takes in sperm)

Front 59

trait?

Back 59

stable aspect of personality thats inferred from behavior and assumed to give rise to consistent behavior

Front 60

trait perspective?

Back 60

Hippocrates based traits on four humors based on bodily fluids

Front 61

trait perspective?

Back 61

hippocrates traits based on 4 humors based on bodily fluids

Front 62

identification?

Back 62

unconscious adoption of another person's behavior

Front 63

sanguine?

Back 63

(blood) means your warm, cheerful; ex: blushing

Front 64

phlegmatic?

Back 64

(musus/phlegm) means your sluggish, calm, cool; ex: being sick

Front 65

choleric?

Back 65

(yellow bile) means your quick-tempered, angry; ex: heartburn

Front 66

mehancholic

Back 66

(black bile) means your gloomy, sad; ex: depression

Front 67

Hans Eysenck's Trait Theory?

Back 67

focused on three personality traits; introversion, extraversion, neuroticism

Front 68

introversion?

Back 68

intense imagination and the tendency to inhibit impulses (shy)

Front 69

extraversion?

Back 69

expresses feelings and impulses freely, (outgoing)

Front 70

neuroticism?

Back 70

emotionally instability vs stability

Front 71

there are __# of combos of the trait theory.

Back 71

four.

Front 72

depressed combo is composed of...?

Back 72

introverted yet unstable (melancholic)

Front 73

aggressive is composed of...?

Back 73

extraverted yet instable (choleric)

Front 74

calm is composed of...?

Back 74

introverted and stable (phlegmatic)

Front 75

outgoing, firm, confident is composed of...?

Back 75

extraverted and stable (sanguine)

Front 76

the five factor model (big five) is the....?

Back 76

extended version of the Eysenck's theory.

Front 77

extraversion is?

Back 77

talkativeness/assertiveness vs passivity

Front 78

agreeableness is?

Back 78

kindness/trust vs trust/selfishness

Front 79

conscientiousness is?

Back 79

organization/thoroughness vs carelessness

Front 80

openness to experience is?

Back 80

creativity/curiosity vs shallowness

Front 81

humanism?

Back 81

people have free choice, self fulfillment, ethical behavior

Front 82

humanistic theory?

Back 82

to fulfill the need for a workable theory of healthy personality (response to psychoanalysis n behaviorism)

Front 83

Carl Roger's self theory?

Back 83

fully functional person that has a positive self concept that is also congruent

Front 84

self concept?

Back 84

the way you think about yourself

Front 85

self esteem?

Back 85

the way you evaluate your self concept

Front 86

incongruence vs congruence is shown through a diagram with ...?

Back 86

three elements connected

Front 87

these three elements are?

Back 87

ideal self, true self, self image

Front 88

ideal self?

Back 88

what you aspire to be

Front 89

true self?

Back 89

what you are

Front 90

self actualization....?

Back 90

ones tendency to strive to ones potential; continues as you age

Front 91

incongruence means....

Back 91

maladjustment