Psych Test 4

Front 1

orienting response

Back 1

the initial focus of attention on new events.

Front 2

habituation

Back 2

a decline in responding to an event that has become familiar and expected after repeated experience with the event.

Front 3

sensitization

Back 3

an increase in responding to an event after repeated experience with the event.

Front 4

unconditioned response

Back 4

a response (automatic) to an
unconditioned stimulus.

Front 5

conditioned response

Back 5

a response to an conditioned
stimulus

Front 6

unconditioned stimulus

Back 6

a stimulus that automatically
or naturally generates a measurable response.

Front 7

conditioned stimulus

Back 7

a stimulus that elicits the same
response as an unconditioned stimulus

Front 8

stimulus generalization

Back 8

a conditioned response will occur for stimulus similar to a conditioned stimulus. The degree of responding will be correlated to the degree of similarity between the stimuli

Front 9

stimulus discrimination

Back 9

stimuli that will not elicit a conditioned response due to its dissimilarity to a conditioned stimulus.

Front 10

extinction

Back 10

an extinguished conditioned stimulus. A loss in conditioned responding to a conditioned stimulus. This can occur after repeatedly presenting a conditioned stimulus without presenting the unconditioned stimulus

Front 11

conditioned inhibition

Back 11

learning that the presence of a stimulus along with a conditioned stimulus signals that the unconditioned stimulus is not present

Front 12

spontaneous recovery

Back 12

the occasional reoccurrence of a conditioned response to an extinguished conditioned stimulus.

Front 13

laws of effect

Back 13

if a response in a particular situation is followed by a satisfying consequence, it will be strengthened. If a response in a particular situation is followed by an unsatisfying consequence, it will be weakened

Front 14

positive reinforcement

Back 14

an event that, when presented after a response, increases the likelihood of that response

Front 15

negative reinforcement

Back 15

and event that,when removed after a response, increases the likelihood of that response occurring again

Front 16

positive punishment

Back 16

an event that, when presented after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occuring again

Front 17

negative punishment

Back 17

an event that, when removed after a response, lowers the likelihood of that response occuring again

Front 18

phonology

Back 18

combining sounds to make words

Front 19

semantics

Back 19

combining words to make sentences

Front 20

syntax

Back 20

combining words meaningfully

Front 21

linguistic relativity

Back 21

language not only shapes how we think but how we perceive the world

Front 22

morphemes

Back 22

smallest unit of sound that carries meaning
- created by combining phonemes
- may or may not be a word

Front 23

deep structure

Back 23

underlying representation of meaning in a sentence

Front 24

babbling

Back 24

repeating consonant/ vowel combinations

Front 25

defining features

Back 25

set of features necessary to make objects acceptable members of a category

Front 26

family resemblance

Back 26

certain “core” (i.e., defining) features of concepts are shared among members of a category

Front 27

prototype

Back 27

An average blend of member features into a single representative of a category.

Front 28

basic-level

Back 28

the level in a category hierarchy that provides the most useful and predictive information; usually resides at an intermediate level in a category hierarchy

Front 29

functional fixation

Back 29

a tendency to see objects and their functions in fixed and typical ways

Front 30

heuristic

Back 30

problem solving rules of thumb

a. Means end analysis
b. Working backward

Front 31

algorithm

Back 31

step by step rules or procedures that guarantee a solution

Front 32

means-end analysis

Back 32

solve problems by devising actions (the means) that will reduce the “gap” between the starting point and the desired goal (ends).

Front 33

searching for analogies

Back 33

a problem solving heuristic that involves trying to find a connection between the current problem and some previous problem you have solves successfully

Front 34

working backwards

Back 34

solving problems by starting at the solution.

Front 35

mental set

Back 35

a tendency to rely on old strategies when attempting to solve new problems