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66 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stress reaction |
emotional and physical response to the stressor |
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acute/chronic stresser
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event, all of a sudden/ stressor that remains present
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the stress response
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fight or flight respinse, emotional and phsyiological reaction to emergencies
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HPA axis
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Signals to our body to activate sympathetic nervous system, controls reaction to stress
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cortisol
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stress hormon, high levels suggest people are very stressed out
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general adaptation syndrome
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Alarm reaction (mobilize resources), Resistance (cope with stressor), exhaustion (reserves depleted)
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type A vs. type B
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type a experiences more stress because they feel more negative emotions, become more angered by daily hassles
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liver functionality/ cardiovascular health
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liver, which moves fat and cholesterol from our blood, functionality decreases whem stressed
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problem-focused coping
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attempts to change the stressor or how we interact with it?
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emotion-focused coping
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getting emotional support to avoid stressor
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relaxation therapy
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how to reduce tension in body, relaxing specific muscles
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biofeedback
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technology that can allow monitioring of heart rate
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aerobic exercise for stress
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getting heart rate up can reduce stress
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social support for stress
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being with other people can help reduce stress
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social cognition
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how we think about others in social situations
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situational attribution
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person did well because of the situation
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personal/dispositional atrributions
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person did well because of personal charecteristics
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fundamental attribution error
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general idea that when we observe other people we are more likely to over-estimate the persons attributions and underestimate the situation
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actor-observer bias
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When bad things happen to us we are much more likely to attribute it to situational factors. If something bad happens to others we are much more likely to attribute it to their personal situation
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self-serving bias
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if you do something good more likely to attribute it to your own personality,
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peripheral/heuristic route persuasion
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base attitude on superificial charecteristics
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central/systematic route persuasion
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think very intensely on an attitude to be informed
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foot in the door phenomenon
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if people first comply to small things they will be more willing to start complying to larger things
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cognitive dissonance theory
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it is unpleasant for us to behave against our beliefs, what we do is we change our attitudes to fit with out behavior
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chameleon effect
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we tend to mimic the behaviors of others
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Asch's conformity experiment
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will people say the right answer after everyone else says the wrong one before it, only 33%
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normative social influence
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we conform so that the broader group accepts us
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informational social influence
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we conform with the groups because we assume the group is right
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social facilitation
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we tend to perform some tasks better when in a group, rather than alone (competition) better at easy taks
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social loafing
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put in less effort when it is about a group goal, rather than an indivdual goal
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deindividuation
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when you lose a sense of self-awareness and accountability
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group polarization
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when the group beliefs become strengthened over time (continued discussion with like minded individuals)
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groupthink
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when our desire to keep the harmony in the group outweighs the questioning of ideas to the group
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bystander effect
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the more people present, the less likely people are going to help
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social exchange theory
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we help out of self-interest, maximizing our benefits
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reciprocity norms
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through socialization there is an expectation that we should return help to those who help us
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social-responsibility norm
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we might help people even when its not beneficial to us because we have a responsibility to those less fortunate
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just-world phenomenon
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tendency for people who have money, power, respect, etc. to believe the world is just and fair because you deserve to have it better than others
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ingroup bias
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people align in groups with people we feel similar to, thinking the group is good and outside the group is bad
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outgroup homogenity
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we are more likely to assume that people in our outgroup are all the same, and our ingroup is diverse
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availability heuristic
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we tend to overestimate the likelihood of an event or behavior that is most vivid and comes to mind quickly
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frustration-aggression principle
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frustration ignites aggression, we get more tense and want to relieve the tension
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psychological disorder symptoms
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deviance, distress, dysfunction (interference with functioning daily life), dangerousness
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psychodynamic perspective
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abnormal behavior is a result of conflicts within our conscious
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biopsychosocial model
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Biological, psychological, and social factors all equally cause disorders
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diathesis-stress model
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bron with a vulnerability and some stressing event, such as a bad living circumstance, in order for the disorder to express itself
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Major Depressive Disorder
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A person needs to feel down for at least two weeks and intense sadness, very low self-esteem, trouble sleeping, eating, lacking energy
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Bipolar
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When moods are at extreme ends of the spectrum; depressed and mania (racing speech, risky, look crazy)
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learned helpessness
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when people are repeatedly exposed to negative events out of their control, they start thinking they arent in control of anything, become depressed
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cognitive vulnerability
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Likelyhood to make explanatory style events (explaining negative events poorly). Stable: ill never get over this; global: without my partner nothing is fun; internal: our break up was all my fault
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panic disorder
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experience frequent panic attacks, continuosly worring about having another one
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agoraphonbia
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fear of going to public places because they are afraid that when they are there, they might have a panic attack
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social phobia
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very afraid that they will do something embarrassing or be judged, interferes with doing normal daily activities
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generalized anxiety disorder
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cant stop worrying, uncontrollable
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PTSD
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feeling a lot of anxiety involved with a specific experience (seem to have a more sensitive part of the brain that regulates fight or flight
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OCD
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individuals who experience obsessions, use rituals (compulsions) to combat the anxiety
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Schizophrenia
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Psychotic symptoms including hallucinations and delusions, disorganized thinking, and complete lack of emotions or interest
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Anorexia Nervosa
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At least 15% below healthy body weight, fear of gaining weight, distorted perception of weight
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Bulimia Nervosa
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Binges and purges, strong focus on weight but not same distortion
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ADHD
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Inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, not devlopmentally appropriate for their age; strong genetic component
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Psychoanalysis
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The release of our unconcious conflicts which we are unaware of through repression; therapist interprets whats going on
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Humanistic Therapy
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To reduce inner conflicts that interfere with natural devolpment; therapist just listens and validates
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Behavior Therapy
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Using classical and Operant conditioning techniques to change behaviors, antibuse in alchoal or elevator example
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Cognitive Therapy
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Change thinking patterns to be more constructive, such as cognitive restructuing- technique in which therapist helps change the way people interpret situations
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Biomedical Therapies
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Drugs to affect neurotransmitter levels restoring biological imbalances; used for bi-polar and schizophrenia often
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Evidence-based therapy
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randomly assign people to a treatment or a control to see if the treatment actually works |
