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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Psychology
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The science of Mental Processes
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Behavior
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What we can see, observative acts.
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3 Acts of Analysis
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Brain, Person, Group
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Psychology has its roots in__________and _________
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Philosophy and Physiology
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Wilhelm Wundt
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Considered founder of Psychology, set up first lab, focused on identifying blocks of consciousness, introspection looking within
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Structuralism
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Focused on Identifying the building blocks of consciousness, state of being aware, sensations and feelings. Introspective
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Functionalism
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How our mind helps us to adapt or interact. Why do people think and feel and behave as they do? Credited to Williams James, influenced by Darwin.
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Gestalt Psychology
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Big picture Psychology. Whole. Focused on consciousness and principles of perceptual organization. the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. How our eyes and brains organize the world. Max Wertheimer
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What did Freud say about unconscious thoughts?
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That they would eventually be expressed.
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Behaviorists
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The mind cannot be observed, but behavior can be. Science should study the the observable. Stimulus, Response, Reinforcement
Watson and Skinner |
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Who researched pioneer behaviorism?
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Watson and Skinner
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Humanistic
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People have positive values, free will, creativity, which lead to choice and personal growth. Person has worth.
Rogers and Maslow |
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Key focus of Carl Rogers?
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Client Centered Therapy
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Key focus of Abraham Maslow?
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People want to self-actualize, reach full potential.
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Counseling Psychologist
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Help with common issues, career and vocational testing
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Clinical Psychologist
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Treat Disorders, address and change troublesome thoughts or behaviors
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Academic Psychologists
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Teach class, conduct research.
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Applied Psychologists
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Solve problems in practical areas, Education, Industry and Marketing. School, sports, human factors, personality
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Neuron
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Receives signals from neurons or sense organs and sends then to other parts of the body
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Difference between Dendrites and Axons.
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Dendrites extend from the cell body and extend into the cell, Axons lead away and send signals to the terminals.
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Reuptake Process
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The process of reacquiring surplus neurotransmitters into the terminals.
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Central Nervous System
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The spinal cord and brain, the largest conduit for info going to and from the brain.
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Habituation
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When repeated exposure to a stimulus decreases an organisms response to the stimulus.
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Pavlov
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Discovered Classical Conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus, Unconditioned Response, Conditioned Stimulus, Conditioned Response
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Unconditioned is what is normal, US-Food, UR- Salivation
Conditioned is what is trained, pairing of CS and US results in CR of salivation |
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Acquisition
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When the CS is repeatedly paired with the US, the bell with the food
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Conditioned Compensatory Response
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The bodies reaction to a stimulus
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Systematic Desensitization
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A type of conditioning used to help patients overcome fears and phobias.
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Difference between classical and Operant Conditioning?
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With operant conditioning you have a choice.
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Law of Effect
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Actions lead to satisfying state of affairs=behavior repeated.
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Who invented Puzzle boxes and what does it represent?
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Edward Thorndike, Operant Conditioning
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Why is reinforcement in the eyes of the recipient?
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The reinforcement is based on what is needed
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Primary Reinforcers
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Food, Shelter, basic necessities
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Secondary Reinforcers
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Money, Cars, the wants of life
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Negative Reinforcement
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Taking away something negative for a good action. Taking away chores for obeying
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Negative Punishment
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Stopping actions with consequences that take freedom. Taking away a cellphone for desobeying
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Difference between Punishment and Reinforcement
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With Reinforcement you want the behavior to repeat, with punishment you want it to stop.
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When is punishment most effective?
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When combined with reinforcement for desired behavior.
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