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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Basic building block of the nervous system
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neuron
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The bushy, branching extensions of a neuron that receive messages and conduct impulses toward the cell body
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dendrite
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the extension of a neuron in which messages are sent to other neurons, muscles, or glands
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axon
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a layer of fatty cells segmentally encasing the fibers of many neurons
+ enables vastly greater transmission speed of neutral impulses |
myelin sheath
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level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse
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threshold
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a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon
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action potential
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junction between the axon tip of the sending neuron and the dendrite or cell body of the receiving neuron
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synapse
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chemical messangers
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neurotransmitters
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enables muscle action, learning, and memory
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Acetycholine
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Influences movement, learning, attention, and emotion
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Dopamine
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Affects mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal
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Serotonin
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Helps control alertness and arousal
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Norepinephrine
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A major inhibitory transmitter
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GABA
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A major excitatory neurotransmitter
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Glutamate
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natural opiate like neurotransmitter linked to pain and pleasure
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endorphins
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the body's speedy electrochemical communication system
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nervous system
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the brain and spinal cord are part of the _______ system
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central nervous system
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the sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS with the rest of the body
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peripheral nervous system
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CNS neurons that internally communicate and intervene between the sensory inputs and motor inputs
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Interneurons
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carry outgoing info from CNS to muscles and glands
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motor neurons
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controls the bodies skeletal muscles
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somatic nervous system
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controls the bodies glands and muscles of internal glands
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autonomic nervous system
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division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body, mobilizing its energy in stressful situations
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sympathetic nervous system
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division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving energy
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parasympathetic nervous system
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the oldest and central core of the brain
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brainstem
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base of the brainstem
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medulla
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the brain's sensory switchboard - located on the top of the brainstem
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thalamus
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the "little brain" attached to the rear of the brainstem - movement and balance
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cerebellum
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tissue destruction
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lesion
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a series of xrays taken at different angles
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CAT scan
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a visual display of brain activity - detects glucose
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PET scan
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allows us to see structures within the brain
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MRI
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doughnut shaped system of neutral structures at the border of the brainstem
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limbic system
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2 almond shaped neural clusters
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amygdala
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the body's ultimate control and information center
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cerebral cortex
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part of the cerebral cortex involved with speaking and muscle movements
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frontal lobes
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includes the sensory cortex
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parietal lobes
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includes the visual areas
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occipital lobes
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include auditory areas
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temporal lobes
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