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59 Cards in this Set
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Hebb |
Underlying neural structures |
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Hebb |
Intervening Variables of Mediation |
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Hebb is similar to which previously studied theorist? |
Hull |
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Hebb and Hull are similar how? |
They both suggested that human behavior can be understood through hypothetical inferred mediational variables |
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Hebb's model is primarily concerned with? |
Concerned with explaining thought process and perceptions Concerned with thinking between stimulus and response |
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What is Hebb's Mediating Process |
Basic Hypothesis - mediation (thinking) consists of activity in a group of neurons -- cell assemblies or phase sequences |
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Mediating Process : Assumption 1 |
A cell assembly is established as a result f the repeated firing cells |
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Mediating Process : Assumption 2 |
If two cells assembly are repeatedly active at the same time, an association between two will tend to form |
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Mediating Process : Assumption 3 |
An assembly that is active at the same time as an efferent pathway will tend to form an association with it. |
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According to Hebb learning is...? |
Learning is the permanent facilitation of conduction among neural units |
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Tolman |
Purposive Behaviorism |
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Hebb is what kind of theorist? |
Transitional/Cognitive |
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Tolman is what kind of theorist? |
Transitional/Cognitive |
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Is Tolman molecular or molar? |
Molar |
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Who said, "We do not simply respond to stimuli; we act on beliefs express attitudes and strive towards goals." |
Tolman |
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Tolman's Goal is to what? |
To recognize cognitive aspects of behavior without sacrificing objectivity *studies behavior as it is organized around a purpose |
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Tolman's Idea of the linking of "intervening variables" to stimuli and responses is similar to who? |
Hull |
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Tolman's Intervening Variable is? |
Cognitions |
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What is Tolman's Latent Learning? |
The learning remains latent until a goal or demand is experienced which relates to the learning. |
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Which theorist believes in: Latent Learning Cognitive Maps |
Tolman's Ideas |
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What is Tolman's Cognitive Maps? |
Internal representations of relationships between goals and behaviors as well as knowledge of where the goals are found |
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Is Tolman molecular or molar? |
Molar |
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Which theorist believed in Perception, Gestalts, and the whole is greater than the sum of the parts? |
Wertheimer |
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Which theorist believed, "Breaking consciousness into its pars destroys what is most meaningful"? |
Wertheimer |
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What is Wertheimer's Gestalt? |
The whole is greater than the sum of parts *The whole is greater than the sum of parts |
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Is Wertheimer Molar or Molecular? |
Molar |
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Which theorist believed in the Spiral Staircase built on Previous Learning? |
Bruner |
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Bruner is what kind of theorist? |
Cognitvie |
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Which theorist focused on representation and categorization? |
Bruner |
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What is Bruner's Enactive Representation? |
Using motor capabilities to learn. |
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Which is an example of Bruner's Enactive Representation? |
Moving pasta noodles around to do math *Motor |
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What is Bruner's Iconic Representation? |
Use of mental images that represents certain objects/events -- bears literal resemblances to its references *sensory |
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What is an example of Bruner's Symbolic Representation? |
Knowing the number 3 represents 3 objects *Intellectual |
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Which theorist believed in Schemas, Stages, Assimilation, and Accomadation? |
Piaget |
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What is Piaget's Intervening Variable? |
Schema |
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What is Piaget's Schema? |
Stereotype of how something is. Creates a quick way to what we are dealing with *Organizing structures for mental activity. More general cognition which are ways of perceiving. Understanding and thinking about the world. |
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What is Piaget's Accommodation? |
Process by which schemas change *Responding on previous knowledge given |
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What is Piaget's Assimilation? |
Process by which schemas influence the interpretation of experiences *Responding on previous knowledge combined with new knowledge |
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What is Piaget's Equilibration? |
The process or tendencies that lead to the balance between assimilation and accommodation. |
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What are Piaget 4 Stages? |
1.) Sensory/Motor (Birth to 2) 2.) Preoperational (2-7) 3.) Concrete Operations (7-11) 4.) Formal Operation (11-16) |
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What is Piaget's Sensory/Motor stage? |
(Birth - 2yrs): Children deal with perceptions of the world and coordination by which they interact with the world. *If you don't sense it; it doesn't exist *Peek-A-Boo |
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What is Piaget's Greatest Contribution? |
Children deal with perceptions of the world and coordination by which they interact with the world. |
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What is Piaget's Pre-operational stage? |
(2yrs-7yrs) : Children begin to show the effects of having learned language and are able to represent objects symbolically |
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What are examples of Piaget's Pre-operational stage? |
*Any male similar to dad is dad *Any thing they see is theirs *Don't know how to understand someone else's opinions and feelings (egocentric) *Stacking game |
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What is Piaget's Concrete Operations stage? |
(7yrs-11yrs) : Children show an increased cognitive flexibility... |
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Piaget influenced what community? |
This theorist influenced the education system |
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Which theorist gives a primary role to forces that are WITHIN the child? |
Piaget's Theory |
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What is Piaget's Formal Operation stage? |
(11yrs-16yrs) : Children's abilities for symbolic manipulation reaches its peak. Can view a variety of issues abstractly. Can explore different ways of solving a problem and can solve abstract issues independent of content |
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What stage of Piaget's is this an example of? If you could have a third eye where would it be?
Answer: On the back of the head to see in front and behind (abstract thinking). |
Piaget's Formal Operation stage?
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Which theorist believed Scaffolding built on social interaction? |
Vygotsky |
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What is Vygotsky's scaffolding? |
Telling, demonstrating, showing , correcting pointing. It emphasizes the importance of interaction between the educator and educated. Stresses the importance of presenting the learner with challenges that lie within the range of what the adult can help with |
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What is an example of Vygotsky's scaffolding |
Jump Roping - encourage, jump, hold hand wile jumping, do hand motions, then do all at once Hopscotching |
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Vygotsky's Theory Is? |
Is an attempt to explain consciousness as the end product of socialization. *Learning of language |
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Vygotsky's Main Focus is? |
Cognitive Development |
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Which theorist believes, "We learn by participating." |
Vygotsky's situated learning theory?
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Vygotsky's scope and Application was with? |
Most original work of cognitive development was done in the context of langue learning in children |
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Vygotsky's Principles are? |
1.) Cognitive development is limited to a certain range of any given age 2.) Full cognitive development requires social interaction... |
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What does Vygotsky's theory emphasize? |
Emphasizes forces that are OUTSIDE the child *CULTURE |
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What did Vygotsky influence? |
Influence educational system |
