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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 of 4 Principles of Development
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1. development is sequential
2. individuals develop at different rates 3. different areas develop at different rates 4. abilities become more specialized and integrated with development |
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Vygotsky
-theory -2 terms -play |
Theory: cognition is constructed on social interactions and cultural background
Term 1: ZPD, zone of proximal development: distance between where learner is alone and where they need help Term 2: scaffolding Play: can act as ZPD, rules strengthen capacity to think |
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Jean Piaget
4 Stages and Ages |
1. Sensorimotor (0-2 years)
2. Preoperational (2-7) 3. Concrete operational (7-adolescence) 4. Formal operational (onset adolescence –adulthood) |
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Piaget's Sensorimotor
-3 abilities/ features -1 task |
1. object permanence
2. mental representation 3. imitation task: reaching for an object in the dark |
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Piaget's Preoperational
-3 of 4 abilities/features -1 task |
1. pre-logical
2. cognitive ego centrism 3. symbolic function sub-stage 4. centration task: false-belief task |
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Piaget's Concrete Operational
-3 of 5 abilities / features -1 task |
1. logical reasoning
2. conservation 3. multiple and hierarchical classification 4. seration skills 5. transitivity task: sort by color and shape |
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Formal Operational
-2 abilities / features |
1. abstract reasoning
2. hypothetical-deductive reasoning |
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Development of Play
3 of 4 stages and its features |
1. 0-2/3: adult directed
2. 3-4: interactive and parallel play 3. 4-6: dramatic play t4. 6-12: fantasy play, large group play |
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Elkind's Theory
3 of 6 Features |
theory: consequences of abstract thought
1. adolescent egocentrism 2. imaginary audience 3. sensitivity to criticism 4. personal fable 5. idealism and criticism 6. difficulty in decision making |
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Urie Bronfrenbrenner
Theory 5 Levels |
Theory: ecological system influences theory
1. microsystem 2. mesosystem 3. exosystem 4. macrosystem 5. chronosystem |
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Sigmund Freud
Theory 5 stages and ages |
Theory: Psychosexual Development Theory
1. Oral 0-1.5 yrs 2. Anal 1.5-3 yrs 3. Phallic 3-7 yrs 4. Latency 7-adol 5. Genital adol |
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Erikson
Theory and 3 components |
Theory: Psychosocial development theory
1. each stage has a crisis we must overcome 2. each crisis tests your identity 3. may revisit earlier stages |
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Erikson
8 Stages and Ages |
1. Trust v Mistrust, 0-1
2. Autonomy v Shame and Doubt, 1-3 3. Initiative v Guilt, 3-5 4. Industry v Inferiority, 6-puberty 5. Identity v Role Confusion, adolescence 6. Intimacy v Isolation, early adult 7. Generativity v Stagnation, mid adult 8. Integrity v Despair, late adult |
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Sullivan
Theory 6 Stages and Ages |
Theory: Interpersonal Relationships
1. 0-2, adult-prompted play 2. 2-6, convenience play 3. 6-10, friends with similarities 4. 10-Adol, stable/intimate friendships 5. Adol, romance 6. Young Adult, people similar values |
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Coie and Dodge Peer Statuses
5 Types |
1. Popular
2. Neglected 3. Rejected 4. Controversial 5. Average |
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Marcia's Identity Statuses
4 Types |
1. Identity Diffusion
2. Identity moratorium 3. Identity Achievement 4. Identity Foreclosure |
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Piaget's Theory of Moral Development
2 Stages and Ages |
1. Heteronomous Morality (4-7)
2. Autonomous Morality (7-10) |
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Kohlberg
Theory 6 Stages |
Theory: Stage Theory of Moral Development
1. avoid punishment 2. (self) instrument purpose 3. morality of interpersonal 4. social order maintenance 5. social contract 6. universal ethical principle |
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3 of 5 Parts of a Neuron
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1. Axon: creates and sends signalsbetween cells
2. Dendrite: signal receiver 3. Cell Body: neuron power and processing 4. Synapse: where communication occurs 5. Myelin: determines speed of signals |
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Skeletal Development
3 features |
1. bones ossify through adolescence
2. low calcium leads to demineralization 3. bone density increases most in adolescence |
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Puberty
4 Terms |
1. adrenarche: rise in androgens
2. gonadarche: increased hormones -> reproductive maturity 3. menarche: girls first menstrual cycle at 10-14 4. spermarche: boys first ejaculation at 12-14 |
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4 Lobes of The Brain and 1 Function
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1. Occipital
-visual processing 2. Parietal -sensory experiences 3. Frontal -executive control 4. Temporal -auditory processing |
