Psych Neuroscience

Front 1

What is neuronal plasticity?

Back 1

parts of the brain remodel to compensate in response to changes in environment or received inputs

Front 2

what is declarative memory?

Back 2

memory for general and autobiographical facts

Front 3

what is nondeclarative memory?

Back 3

memory for learned behaviors both explicit and implicit. AKA procedural memory

Front 4

What kind of metabolic activity is thought to occur in neurons to facilitate long term learning?

Back 4

Synthesis of proteins and RNA in neurons that synapse during short term learning

Front 5

The limbic system: collects imputs from?

Back 5

the hypothalamus (and therefore collects visceral signals from sensory cortex and brainstem), prefrontal cortex and inferior temportal association cortex

Front 6

The limbic system: mediates?

Back 6

emotional and instinctual responses

Front 7

The limbic system: important structures include?

Back 7

Amygdala, hippocampus

Front 8

the amygdala is involved in?

Back 8

fear, anxiety

Front 9

the hippocampus is involved in?

Back 9

learning, memory

Front 10

T/F the basal ganglia is deep gray matter?

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

important structures of the basal ganglia include?

Back 11

caudate, putamen, thalamus, neurotransmitter systems, and RAS

Front 12

the caudate becomes severly in atrophies in what disease?

Back 12

huntington's

Front 13

the putamen and caudate have a high concentration of what kind of receptors which are the target of antipsychotic drugs, causing abnormal involuntary movements?

Back 13

D2 receptors

Front 14

the thalamus is involved in?

Back 14

sensation and pain

Front 15

what are the dopamine pathways?

Back 15

nigrostriatal, mesocortical, mesolimbic, tuberoinfundibular

Front 16

which dopamine pathway connects the substantia nigra to caudate and putamen?

Back 16

nigrostratal

Front 17

which dopamine pathway connects the VTA to the prefrontal cortex?

Back 17

mesocortical

Front 18

which dopamine pathway connects the VTA to amygdala and hippocampus?

Back 18

mesolimbic

Front 19

which dopamine pathway connects arcuate nucleous of the hypothalamus to the pituitary?

Back 19

tuberoinfundibular

Front 20

anti-psychotics block D1 and D2 that are rich in this pathway.

Back 20

what the nigrostriatal pathway?

Front 21

this dopamine pathway mediates cognition and is responsible for negativism seen schizo via D1, seratonin (5-HT) receptors.

Back 21

whatis the mesocortical pathway?

Front 22

excess dopamin here causes hallucinations seen in schizo?

Back 22

what is the mesolimbic pathway?

Front 23

blockade of dopamine via antipsychotics here causes elevated prolactin?

Back 23

what is the tuberoinfundibular pathway

Front 24

this association region of the brain recieves input from the neocortex, limbic regions, hypothalamic regions, brainstem, and most of the rest of the brain via the thalamus.

Back 24

what is the prefrontal cortex?

Front 25

the prefrontal cortex is responsible for what behavior?

Back 25

executive function

Front 26

exmaples of executive funtion?

Back 26

abstract thought, creative problem solving, temporal sequencing of behavior

Front 27

what are examples of tests that assess the intactness of the prefrontal cortex?

Back 27

wisconsin card sorting, Go/No-Go tasks, Trails tests

Front 28

with regards to prefrontal intactness, peeps with schizoprenia may be thought of as having?

Back 28

hypofrontality

Front 29

with regards to prefrontal intactness, people with OCD may be considered as having?

Back 29

hyperfrontality

Front 30

dopamine pathways in general originate from either the ____ or the ____?

Back 30

ventral tegmental area, arcuate nucleus

Front 31

the norepinephrine system arises from ____ and has projections to_____?

Back 31

locus ceruleus, the entire brain

Front 32

the serotonin (5-HT) system arises in?

Back 32

the raphe nucleus

Front 33

TBI most commonly affects the?

Back 33

frontal lobes

Front 34

another term for long term memory is?

Back 34

consolidated memory

Front 35

aphasia is a disorder of?

Back 35

language, NOT speech

Front 36

important structures associated with language are typically localized to?

Back 36

the left hemisphere in most people

Front 37

broca's area is where and controls what?

Back 37

posterior frontal cortex, speech production and fluency

Front 38

the wernicke's area is where and does what?

Back 38

posterior temportal lobe, permits understanding or interpretation of language

Front 39

lesions in this area cause expressive aphasia

Back 39

what is broca's area?

Front 40

lesions in this area cause receptive aphasia.

Back 40

what is wernicke's area?

Front 41

2 diagnostic criteria for TBI?

Back 41

an injury occurred and there was alteration of consciousness

Front 42

this excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter is thought to causes neurodegeneration through excessive excitation.

Back 42

what is glutamate?

Front 43

anxiolytic drugs are ____ agonists and and increase _____ tone in the CNS.

Back 43

GABA, inhibitory

Front 44

90% of the population is right handed and left hemisphere dominant for?

Back 44

language and praxis

Front 45

right hemisphere is dominant for?

Back 45

complex perceptual processing such as facial recognition

Front 46

lesions of the dominant parietal lobe can result in?

Back 46

language abnormalities, tactile agnosia and apraxia

Front 47

lesions of the non-dominant parietal lobe can result in?

Back 47

anosognosia, constructional dyspraxia, and contralateral neglect

Front 48

lesions of the dominant temporal lobe can result in?

Back 48

anomia and anterograde verbal amnesia

Front 49

lesions of the nondominant temporal lobe can result in?

Back 49

anomia for facial expressions and anterograde visiospatial amnesia

Front 50

bilateral lesions of the temporal lobes can cause?

Back 50

korsakoff;s amnesia and kluver-bucy syndrome

Front 51

What lesion? Tactile agnosia

Back 51

L parietal

Front 52

What lesion? Language Abnormality

Back 52

L parietal

Front 53

What lesion? Contralateral neglect

Back 53

R parietal

Front 54

What lesion? Disinhibition and impulsivity?

Back 54

Frontal lobe

Front 55

What lesion? Anomia, anterograde amnesia?

Back 55

L temporal

Front 56

What lesion? Anomina for facial expression, (visuospatial) anterograde amnesia?

Back 56

R temporal

Front 57

What part of the limbic does fear and anxiety?

Back 57

amygdala

Front 58

What part of the limbic does learning and memory?

Back 58

hippocampus

Front 59

T/F attentional defecits are NOT localizable?

Back 59

TRUE;

Front 60

Ach neurons from the nucleus basalis of meynert project to the ________ for memory, and the _______ for attention?

Back 60

Hippocampus; Cingulate gyrus