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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prototype |
Model that gives you something to work with to solve a problem |
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Algorithms |
A step by step organized way of solving problems. |
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Heuristic |
Rule of thumb or sort of working from the gut |
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Insight |
Light bulb or aha moment. Looked at the problem long enough and found the answer |
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Intuition |
No reason or understanding why but you just know the right answer |
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What are not accurate ways of solving problems? |
Functional fixatedness Availability heuristic Overconfidence Belief perseverance |
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Functional fixatedness |
If it ain't broke don't fix it. Using the same solution over and over even if there is a better way. |
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Availability heuristic |
Based on info available even though it may not be the best example. "I'f a dog bites someone then all dogs should be banned" |
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Overconfidence bias |
Tendency to be more confident in our own solutions |
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Belief perseverance |
Hold on to beliefs in spite of contradictory evidence. |
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How does framing help in making a desicion? |
How do I frame a question? How a question is framed or organized can effect our decisions. |
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How has the advent of computers given us insight as to the workings of the human mind? |
AI can solve questions faster than the human brain and it allows us to mimic what a mind is like. |
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Phenomes |
The sound of language. Ex: how Spanish sounds different than English. Like accents. |
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Semantics |
The real meanings behind words. |
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Pragmatics |
More application of word based on the context of words. Ex: what ever you say sir. |
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What are some antecedents of language? |
Crying. Babbling. |
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Motherese |
Baby talk that helps the child learn better. Ex: longer exaggerated sounds of words. |
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What are assumptions of Chomskys theory of language acquisition device? |
Something in the brain is hardwired to understand language. |
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What happened when they allowed deaf children to use total communication? (Sign language, finger spelling, lipreading) |
Children IQ shot up because they could communicate better. |
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How are language and thought related? Consider the theory of Vygotsky. |
Language is essential for humans to be successful. Two separate abilities of the individual that combine to work together. Language is used to think. |
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Intelligence is a construct. What does that mean? |
It's not tangible, it's measured and observed. Person might have IQ but lacks common sense. |
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Thurston, Gardner, and Sternberg believe intelligence is multi faceted. What does this mean? |
There are multiple versions of intelligence. (Music, sports, managing, etc. ) |
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How is IQ calculated? |
Mental age divided by chronological age then multiply by 100. Ex: 5/4×100=125 |
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How is the IQ test biased? |
Who decides what the standard intelligence is of a 5 year old? |
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What does SOMPA mean? |
System Of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment |
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What is the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Heritage? |
Measures urban terms to see if there is a different version of intelligence in urban societies or areas. |
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What controversies do these tests attempt to address? |
Whether or not these tests address what they need to survive in their environment. |
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Compare/contrast intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. |
Intrinsic: I do something because I find it satisfying. Extrinsic: I do something because I get a prize. |
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From a biological perspective, what is the motivation for sexual behavior? |
To ensure species continues. |
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What is drive reduction theory? |
Drive for hunger so you reduce it. |
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How does Clark Hull describe Homeostatis? |
Balance of different drives. |
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What's the difference between primary and secondary drives? |
Primary: survival needs, food, thirst, sex. Secondary: learned experience, money, achievement. |
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McCelleands needs |
Achievement: reaching personal goals Affiliation: being part of a group Power: controlling others. |
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Compare/contrast internal and external Locus of control. |
Internal: I did well on the test External: test wasn't that hard. It's how you attribute success and failures. |
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What is arousal? |
Need for stimulation/simulation. |
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Describe someone with a greater need for arousal. |
Tend to do activities that are more risky. |
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Define and give examples of incentives. |
Having an external reason for doing something. Why are you going to college? |
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How are arousal and performance related? |
Some arousal or anxiety is needed to perform a task. |
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If you are in a crowd of people, are you more likely to spot a happy face or angry face? |
Angry: humans are hardwired to that way due to survival instincts. |
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What is a catharsis? |
Releasing of one's emotions. Ex: yelling into a pillow. |
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Generally speaking, what time of day do most people experience positive emotions? |
Early midafternoon. |
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Is our emotional state more positive or negative at the end of the day? |
More negative. |
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What seems to be unimportant characteristics of happy people? |
Money isn't a factor of happiness. Children too. |
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How is distressor and eustress different? |
Distressor: should I study for calculus or psych final??
Eustress: steak or lobster? |
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What is acute stress disorder? |
Individual is overwhelmed by stress. |
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How is PTSD related to acute stress disorder? |
Individual constantly relives stress over and over. |
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What are hassles? |
Day to day problems or stressors. |
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What is preassure? |
Stress associated with expectations to perform at. |
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What is Frustration? |
Emotional response to opposed goal. Something that gets in the way of your goal. Angry driving. |
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Aggression |
Physical and psychological behavior that can harm yourself or others. |
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Type A personality |
Person is very competitive and tightly wired. |
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Type B personality |
Very easy going and care free. |
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Type C personality |
Internalized stress and doesn't deal with it well. |
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Type H personality. |
Individuals thrive on stress and have healthy ways of dealing with stress. |
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Compare/contrast optimistic and pessimistic explanatory styles. |
Optimistic: always see the good in things Pessimistic: always sees the bad in things. |
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Name ways to cope with stress. |
Exercise, get away, eat healthy, sleep. |
