Psych: History&research (Mod 1&2)

Front 1

Hindsight Bias

Mod 2

Back 1

After an event has happened, people are more likely to say the event was "inevitable or obvious" to occur than before it happened.

Example: People say it was obvious that a terrorist attach was inevitable after 9/11, but no one saw it coming before.

Front 2

Overconfidence

Mod 2

Back 2

People tend to assume that they can solve problems and puzzles faster than they actually can.

Front 3

Critical Thinking

Mod 2

Back 3

Examines assumtions, discerns hidden values, evaluates evidence, and assesses conclusions.

Take no assumption for granted without evidence.

Front 4

Theory

Mod 2

Back 4

Explains through an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behavior and events.

A theory must have testable predictions (hypotheses).

Front 5

Hypotheses

Mod 2

Back 5

Testable predictions that are made by theory, that can serve to reject or revise the theory.

Front 6

Case Study

Back 6

Studying one individual in depth in hopes of revealing things that are true for all people.

One individual is not always a good subset upon which to draw generalizations about a group.

Front 7

The Survey

Back 7

Looks at many cases in less depth. People report their behavior or opinions.

Must be careful about:
Wording Effects
Random Sampling

Front 8

Naturalistic Observation

Back 8

Watching and recording the behavior of organisms in their natural environment.

Front 9

Correlation

Back 9

When different forms of research seem to support one trait or behavior accompanies another.

Front 10

Illusory Correlation

Back 10

A perceived but nonexistent correlation.

Example: The belief that sugar makes children hyperactive (not actually true)

Front 11

Experiments

Mod 2

Back 11

Experiments are a way to examine cause and effect relationships.

Front 12

Double-blind procedure

Mod 2

Back 12

Neither the examiner nor the participant know which treatment the participant is receiving.

Front 13

Placebo Effect

Mod 2

Back 13

Patients feel better just be believing that they are receiving treatment.

Front 14

Experimental Group

Back 14

The group that is testing the variable you want to examine.

Example: you want to examine the effects of a lack of sleep on test performance, this is the group that doesnt sleep.

Front 15

Control group

Back 15

The group that is testing the variable you want to examine.

Example: you want to examine the effects of a lack of sleep on test performance, this is the group that sleeps normally.

Front 16

Independent Variable

Mod 2

Back 16

The variable that you manipulate in an experiment.

Front 17

Dependent Variable

Mod 2

Back 17

The "results" variable.

Front 18

Mechanical approach

Back 18

The study of the human body as if it were a machine. Seeing human emotions as a series of mechanical processes.

Front 19

The Mind-Body problem

Back 19

How to thoughts (non concrete) interact with the body and physiological processes (concrete)

Front 20

Dualism

Back 20

The idea that the mind (soul) and body are two separate entities.

Front 21

Monism

Back 21

The mind and body are not separate, but instead are a combined series of interactions between physical and non-physical processes.

Front 22

Materialism

Back 22

Matter that follows the laws of physics gives rise to consciousness. We are a series of biological processes.

Front 23

Behaviorists

Back 23

Believed that we only care about the behavior effects of human thought, not about the thought itself.

Front 24

biopsychosocial approach

Back 24

considers influence of biological processes, social environments, and psychological concepts in examining the mind.