Psych Unit 1 Mod 5

Front 1

Scientific method

Back 1

A self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observation and analysis.

Front 2

The prediction will be revised or rejected

Back 2

What happens to failed predictions?

Front 3

Theory

Back 3

An explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes observations and predicts behaviors or events. It is not a mere hunch.

Front 4

It organizes isolated facts

Back 4

How does a theory simplify things

Front 5

Principles

Back 5

The theory about the effects of sleep on memory, for example, helps us organize countless sleep related observations into a short list of ____?

Front 6

Hypothesis

Back 6

A testable prediction, often implied by a theory.

Front 7

Operational definition

Back 7

A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures (operations) used in a research study. For example, human intelligence may be operationally defined as what an intelligent test measures.

Front 8

Replication

Back 8

Repeating the essence of a research study, usually with different participants in different situations, to see whether the basic findings extends to other participants and circumstances.

Front 9

Descriptive method

Back 9

Describe behaviors, often by using case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations.

Front 10

Correlational methods

Back 10

Associate different factors, or variables.

Front 11

Variables

Back 11

Refers to anything that contributes to a result

Front 12

Experimental methods

Back 12

Manipulate variables to discover their effects

Front 13

Case studies

Back 13

It descriptive technique in which one individual or group is studied in depth in the hope of revealing universal principles

Front 14

Naturalistic observation

Back 14

Observing and recording behavior in naturally occurring situations without trying to manipulate and control the situation

Front 15

Surveys and interviews

Back 15

By asking people questions

Front 16

If an individual is atypical

Back 16

How can a case study end up being misleading

Front 17

Naturalistic observations

Back 17

A second descriptive method that records behavior in natural environments

Front 18

Describes it

Back 18

Like the case study, naturalistic observation does not explain behavior. It ________.

Front 19

Inner speech

Back 19

the act of silently talking to yourself

Front 20

Inner seeing

Back 20

An example would be imagining your friends face

Front 21

Sensory awareness

Back 21

An example would be feeling a cold breeze on your neck

Front 22

Unsymbolized thinking

Back 22

An example will be wondering whether or not the workers will drop bricks.

Front 23

But it does so without controlling for all the variables that may influence behavior

Back 23

Naturalistic observation offers interesting snapshots everyday life, but _____.

Front 24

Survey

Back 24

A technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes or behaviors of a particular group, usually by questioning a representative, random sample of the group.

Front 25

Asking questions is tricky, and the answers often depend on the ways questions are worded and respondents are chosen.

Back 25

What is one weakness of surveys

Front 26

Sampling bias

Back 26

A flawed sampling process that produces an unrepresentative sample.

Front 27

Population

Back 27

All those in a group being studied, from which samples may be drawn. Except for national studies, this does not refer to a country's whole population.

Front 28

Random sample

Back 28

A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion.

Front 29

Typically you would seek a random sample, which every person in the entire group has an equal chance of participating. You might number the names and the general student listing and then use a random number generator to pick your survey participants.

Back 29

the best basis for generalizing is from a representative sample. How would you get a representative sample

Front 30

True

Back 30

Large representative samples are better than small ones, but a small representative sample of 100 is better than an unrepresentative sample of 500. True or false

Front 31

Random selection

Back 31

What is another term for random sampling

Front 32

True

Back 32

Without random sampling, large samples, including call in phone samples and TV or other website poles (think of American idol fans voting) often merely give misleading results. True or false

Front 33

True

Back 33

You cannot compensate for an unrepresentative sample by simply adding more people. True or false